Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

Updated build deps
updated version

LICENSE

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
  - NetworkDNS - 
    [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
    https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/NetworkDNS
-   Copyright 2022
+   Copyright 2023
      Dorkbox LLC
    High-performance and event-driven/reactive DNS stack for Java 8+
 
@@ -15,16 +15,10 @@
      - Netty - An event-driven asynchronous network application framework
        [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
        https://netty.io
-       Copyright 2022
+       Copyright 2023
          The Netty Project
          Contributors. See source NOTICE
 
-     - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
-       [MIT License]
-       http://www.slf4j.org
-       Copyright 2022
-         QOS.ch
-
      - Kotlin - 
        [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
        https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
@@ -33,45 +27,149 @@
        Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
        See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
 
+     - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
+       [MIT License]
+       https://www.slf4j.org
+       Copyright 2023
+         QOS.ch
+
+     - Collections - Collection types and utilities to enhance the default collections.
+       [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+       https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+       Copyright 2023
+         Dorkbox LLC
+
+       Extra license information
+         - Bias, BinarySearch - 
+           [MIT License]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+           https://github.com/timboudreau/util
+           Copyright 2013
+             Tim Boudreau
+
+         - ConcurrentEntry - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+           Copyright 2016
+             bennidi
+             dorkbox
+
+         - Collection Utilities (Array, ArrayMap, BooleanArray, ByteArray, CharArray, FloatArray, IdentityMap, IntArray, IntFloatMap, IntIntMap, IntMap, IntSet, LongArray, LongMap, ObjectFloatMap, ObjectIntMap, ObjectMap, ObjectSet, OrderedMap, OrderedSet) - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+           https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
+           Copyright 2011
+             LibGDX
+             Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
+             Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
+
+         - Predicate - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+           https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
+           Copyright 2011
+             LibGDX
+             Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
+             Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
+             xoppa
+
+         - Select, QuickSelect - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
+           https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
+           Copyright 2011
+             LibGDX
+             Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
+             Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
+             Jon Renner
+
+         - Kotlin - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
+           Copyright 2020
+             JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
+           Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
+           See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
+
+         - Updates - Software Update Management
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates
+           Copyright 2021
+             Dorkbox LLC
+
+           Extra license information
+             - Kotlin - 
+               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+               https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
+               Copyright 2020
+                 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
+               Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
+               See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
+
      - NetworkUtils - Utilities for managing network configurations, IP/MAC address conversion, and ping (via OS native commands)
        [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
        https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/NetworkUtils
-       Copyright 2022
+       Copyright 2023
          Dorkbox LLC
 
        Extra license information
          - Netty - 
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://netty.io/
+           https://netty.io
            Copyright 2014
              The Netty Project
            This product contains a modified portion of Netty Network Utils
 
          - Apache Harmony - 
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           http://archive.apache.org/dist/harmony/
+           https://archive.apache.org/dist/harmony/
            Copyright 2010
              The Apache Software Foundation
            This product contains a modified portion of 'Apache Harmony', an open source Java SE
 
-         - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
-           [MIT License]
-           http://www.slf4j.org
+         - Mozilla Public Suffix List - 
+           [Mozilla Public License 2.0]
+           https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat
+           Copyright 2010
+             The Apache Software Foundation
+
+         - Apache HTTP Utils - 
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpcomponents/httpclient/trunk/httpclient5/src/main/java/org/apache/hc/client5/http/psl/
+           Copyright 2010
+             The Apache Software Foundation
+           This product contains a modified portion of 'PublicSuffixDomainFilter.java'
+
+         - UrlRewriteFilter - UrlRewriteFilter is a Java Web Filter for any J2EE compliant web application server
+           [BSD 3-Clause License]
+           https://github.com/paultuckey/urlrewritefilter
            Copyright 2022
-             QOS.ch
+             Paul Tuckey
+
+         - kotlinx.coroutines - Library support for Kotlin coroutines with multiplatform support
+           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
+           https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines
+           Copyright 2023
+             JetBrains s.r.o.
 
          - JNA - Simplified native library access for Java.
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
            https://github.com/twall/jna
-           Copyright 2022
+           Copyright 2023
              Timothy Wall
 
          - JNA-Platform - Mappings for a number of commonly used platform functions
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
            https://github.com/twall/jna
-           Copyright 2022
+           Copyright 2023
              Timothy Wall
 
+         - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
+           [MIT License]
+           https://www.slf4j.org
+           Copyright 2023
+             QOS.ch
+
          - Kotlin - 
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
            https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
@@ -83,7 +181,7 @@
          - Executor - Shell, JVM, and SSH command execution on Linux, MacOS, or Windows for Java 8+
            [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
            https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Executor
-           Copyright 2022
+           Copyright 2023
              Dorkbox LLC
 
            Extra license information
@@ -110,25 +208,25 @@
              - kotlinx.coroutines - Library support for Kotlin coroutines with multiplatform support
                [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
                https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines
-               Copyright 2022
+               Copyright 2023
                  JetBrains s.r.o.
 
              - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
                [MIT License]
-               http://www.slf4j.org
-               Copyright 2022
+               https://www.slf4j.org
+               Copyright 2023
                  QOS.ch
 
              - Logback - Logback is a logging framework for Java applications
                [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               http://logback.qos.ch
-               Copyright 2022
+               https://logback.qos.ch
+               Copyright 2023
                  QOS.ch
 
              - SSHJ - SSHv2 library for Java
                [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
                https://github.com/hierynomus/sshj
-               Copyright 2022
+               Copyright 2023
                  Jeroen van Erp
                  SSHJ Contributors
 
@@ -145,13 +243,13 @@
 
                  - JZlib - 
                    [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   http://www.jcraft.com/jzlib
+                   https://github.com/ymnk/jzlib
                      Atsuhiko Yamanaka
                      JCraft, Inc.
 
                  - Bouncy Castle Crypto - 
                    [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   http://www.bouncycastle.org
+                   https://www.bouncycastle.org
                      The Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc
 
                  - ed25519-java - 
@@ -192,7 +290,7 @@
      - OS - Information about the system, Java runtime, OS, Window Manager, and Desktop Environment.
        [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
        https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/OS
-       Copyright 2022
+       Copyright 2023
          Dorkbox LLC
 
        Extra license information
@@ -219,401 +317,6 @@
                Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
                See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
 
-     - Utilities - Utilities for use within Java projects
-       [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-       https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-       Copyright 2022
-         Dorkbox LLC
-
-       Extra license information
-         - MersenneTwisterFast - 
-           [BSD 3-Clause License]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           Copyright 2003
-             Sean Luke
-             Michael Lecuyer (portions Copyright 1993
-
-         - FileUtil (code from FilenameUtils.java for normalize + dependencies) - 
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/
-           Copyright 2013
-             The Apache Software Foundation
-             Kevin A. Burton
-             Scott Sanders
-             Daniel Rall
-             Christoph.Reck
-             Peter Donald
-             Jeff Turner
-             Matthew Hawthorne
-             Martin Cooper
-             Jeremias Maerki
-             Stephen Colebourne
-
-         - FastThreadLocal - 
-           [BSD 3-Clause License]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           https://github.com/LWJGL/lwjgl3/blob/5819c9123222f6ce51f208e022cb907091dd8023/modules/core/src/main/java/org/lwjgl/system/FastThreadLocal.java
-           https://github.com/riven8192/LibStruct/blob/master/src/net/indiespot/struct/runtime/FastThreadLocal.java
-           Copyright 2014
-             Lightweight Java Game Library Project
-             Riven
-
-         - Base64Fast - 
-           [BSD 3-Clause License]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           http://migbase64.sourceforge.net/
-           Copyright 2004
-             Mikael Grev, MiG InfoCom AB. (base64@miginfocom.com)
-
-         - BCrypt - 
-           [BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           http://www.mindrot.org/projects/jBCrypt
-           Copyright 2006
-             Damien Miller (djm@mindrot.org)
-           GWT modified version
-
-         - Modified hex conversion utility methods - 
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Utilities
-           https://netty.io
-           Copyright 2014
-             The Netty Project
-
-         - Retrofit - A type-safe HTTP client for Android and Java
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/square/retrofit
-           Copyright 2020
-             Square, Inc
-
-         - Resource Listing - Listing the contents of a resource directory
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           http://www.uofr.net/~greg/java/get-resource-listing.html
-           Copyright 2017
-             Greg Briggs
-
-         - CommonUtils - Common utility extension functions for kotlin
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://www.pronghorn.tech 
-           Copyright 2017
-             Pronghorn Technology LLC
-             Dorkbox LLC
-
-         - UrlRewriteFilter - UrlRewriteFilter is a Java Web Filter for any J2EE compliant web application server
-           [BSD 3-Clause License]
-           https://github.com/paultuckey/urlrewritefilter
-           Copyright 2022
-             Paul Tuckey
-
-         - kotlinx.coroutines - Library support for Kotlin coroutines with multiplatform support
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines
-           Copyright 2022
-             JetBrains s.r.o.
-
-         - Java Uuid Generator - A set of Java classes for working with UUIDs
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/cowtowncoder/java-uuid-generator
-           Copyright 2022
-             Tatu Saloranta (tatu.saloranta@iki.fi)
-             Contributors. See source release-notes/CREDITS
-
-         - kotlin-logging - Lightweight logging framework for Kotlin
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/MicroUtils/kotlin-logging
-           Copyright 2022
-             Ohad Shai
-
-         - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
-           [MIT License]
-           http://www.slf4j.org
-           Copyright 2022
-             QOS.ch
-
-         - XZ for Java - Complete implementation of XZ data compression in pure Java
-           [Public Domain, per Creative Commons CC0]
-           https://tukaani.org/xz/java.html
-           Copyright 2022
-             Lasse Collin
-             Igor Pavlov
-
-         - Kotlin - 
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-           Copyright 2020
-             JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-           Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-           See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-         - JNA - Simplified native library access for Java.
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/twall/jna
-           Copyright 2022
-             Timothy Wall
-
-         - JNA-Platform - Mappings for a number of commonly used platform functions
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/twall/jna
-           Copyright 2022
-             Timothy Wall
-
-         - Netty - An event-driven asynchronous network application framework
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://netty.io
-           Copyright 2022
-             The Netty Project
-             Contributors. See source NOTICE
-
-         - Bouncy Castle Crypto - Lightweight cryptography API and JCE Extension
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           http://www.bouncycastle.org
-           Copyright 2022
-             The Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc
-
-         - Lightweight Java Game Library - Java library that enables cross-platform access to popular native APIs
-           [BSD 3-Clause License]
-           https://github.com/LWJGL/lwjgl3
-           Copyright 2022
-             Lightweight Java Game Library
-
-         - TypeTools - A simple, zero-dependency library for working with types. Supports Java 1.6+ and Android.
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://github.com/jhalterman/typetools
-           Copyright 2022
-             Jonathan Halterman and friends
-
-         - Collections - Niche collections to augment what is already available.
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-           Copyright 2022
-             Dorkbox LLC
-
-           Extra license information
-             - AhoCorasickDoubleArrayTrie - Niche collections to augment what is already available.
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/hankcs/AhoCorasickDoubleArrayTrie
-               Copyright 2018
-                 hankcs <me@hankcs.com>
-
-             - Bias, BinarySearch - 
-               [MIT License]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               https://github.com/timboudreau/util
-               Copyright 2013
-                 Tim Boudreau
-
-             - ConcurrentEntry - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               Copyright 2016
-                 bennidi
-                 dorkbox
-
-             - Collection Utilities (Array, ArrayMap, BooleanArray, ByteArray, CharArray, FloatArray, IdentityMap, IntArray, IntFloatMap, IntIntMap, IntMap, IntSet, LongArray, LongMap, ObjectFloatMap, ObjectIntMap, ObjectMap, ObjectSet, OrderedMap, OrderedSet) - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
-               Copyright 2011
-                 LibGDX
-                 Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
-                 Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
-
-             - Predicate - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
-               Copyright 2011
-                 LibGDX
-                 Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
-                 Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
-                 xoppa
-
-             - Select, QuickSelect - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
-               Copyright 2011
-                 LibGDX
-                 Mario Zechner (badlogicgames@gmail.com)
-                 Nathan Sweet (nathan.sweet@gmail.com)
-                 Jon Renner
-
-             - TimSort, ComparableTimSort - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Collections
-               https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/blob/master/gdx/src/com/badlogic/gdx/utils
-               Copyright 2008
-                 The Android Open Source Project
-
-             - ConcurrentWeakIdentityHashMap - Concurrent WeakIdentity HashMap
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-loaded/blob/master/springloaded/src/main/java/org/springsource/loaded/support/ConcurrentWeakIdentityHashMap.java
-               Copyright 2016
-                 zhanhb
-
-             - Kotlin - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-               Copyright 2020
-                 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-               Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-               See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-             - Updates - Software Update Management
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates
-               Copyright 2021
-                 Dorkbox LLC
-
-               Extra license information
-                 - Kotlin - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-                   Copyright 2020
-                     JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-                   Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-                   See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-         - Executor - Shell, JVM, and SSH command execution on Linux, MacOS, or Windows for Java 8+
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Executor
-           Copyright 2022
-             Dorkbox LLC
-
-           Extra license information
-             - ZT Process Executor - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/zeroturnaround/zt-exec
-               Copyright 2014
-                 ZeroTurnaround LLC
-
-             - Apache Commons Exec - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-exec/
-               Copyright 2014
-                 The Apache Software Foundation
-
-             - Kotlin - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-               Copyright 2020
-                 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-               Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-               See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-             - kotlinx.coroutines - Library support for Kotlin coroutines with multiplatform support
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines
-               Copyright 2022
-                 JetBrains s.r.o.
-
-             - SLF4J - Simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks
-               [MIT License]
-               http://www.slf4j.org
-               Copyright 2022
-                 QOS.ch
-
-             - Logback - Logback is a logging framework for Java applications
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               http://logback.qos.ch
-               Copyright 2022
-                 QOS.ch
-
-             - SSHJ - SSHv2 library for Java
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/hierynomus/sshj
-               Copyright 2022
-                 Jeroen van Erp
-                 SSHJ Contributors
-
-               Extra license information
-                 - Apache MINA - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   https://mina.apache.org/sshd-project/
-                     The Apache Software Foundation
-
-                 - Apache Commons-Net - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-net/
-                     The Apache Software Foundation
-
-                 - JZlib - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   http://www.jcraft.com/jzlib
-                     Atsuhiko Yamanaka
-                     JCraft, Inc.
-
-                 - Bouncy Castle Crypto - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   http://www.bouncycastle.org
-                     The Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc
-
-                 - ed25519-java - 
-                   [Public Domain, per Creative Commons CC0]
-                   https://github.com/str4d/ed25519-java
-                     https://github.com/str4d
-
-             - Updates - Software Update Management
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates
-               Copyright 2021
-                 Dorkbox LLC
-
-               Extra license information
-                 - Kotlin - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-                   Copyright 2020
-                     JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-                   Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-                   See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-         - OS - Information about the system, Java runtime, OS, Window Manager, and Desktop Environment.
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/OS
-           Copyright 2022
-             Dorkbox LLC
-
-           Extra license information
-             - Kotlin - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-               Copyright 2020
-                 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-               Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-               See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-             - Updates - Software Update Management
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates
-               Copyright 2021
-                 Dorkbox LLC
-
-               Extra license information
-                 - Kotlin - 
-                   [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-                   https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-                   Copyright 2020
-                     JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-                   Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-                   See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
-         - Updates - Software Update Management
-           [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-           https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates
-           Copyright 2021
-             Dorkbox LLC
-
-           Extra license information
-             - Kotlin - 
-               [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
-               https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin
-               Copyright 2020
-                 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors
-               Kotlin Compiler, Test Data+Libraries, and Tools repository contain third-party code, to which different licenses may apply
-               See: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/blob/master/license/README.md
-
      - Updates - Software Update Management
        [The Apache Software License, Version 2.0]
        https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/Updates

LICENSE.MPLv2

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
+==================================
+
+1. Definitions
+--------------
+
+1.1. "Contributor"
+    means each individual or legal entity that creates, contributes to
+    the creation of, or owns Covered Software.
+
+1.2. "Contributor Version"
+    means the combination of the Contributions of others (if any) used
+    by a Contributor and that particular Contributor's Contribution.
+
+1.3. "Contribution"
+    means Covered Software of a particular Contributor.
+
+1.4. "Covered Software"
+    means Source Code Form to which the initial Contributor has attached
+    the notice in Exhibit A, the Executable Form of such Source Code
+    Form, and Modifications of such Source Code Form, in each case
+    including portions thereof.
+
+1.5. "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses"
+    means
+
+    (a) that the initial Contributor has attached the notice described
+        in Exhibit B to the Covered Software; or
+
+    (b) that the Covered Software was made available under the terms of
+        version 1.1 or earlier of the License, but not also under the
+        terms of a Secondary License.
+
+1.6. "Executable Form"
+    means any form of the work other than Source Code Form.
+
+1.7. "Larger Work"
+    means a work that combines Covered Software with other material, in 
+    a separate file or files, that is not Covered Software.
+
+1.8. "License"
+    means this document.
+
+1.9. "Licensable"
+    means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible,
+    whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently, any and
+    all of the rights conveyed by this License.
+
+1.10. "Modifications"
+    means any of the following:
+
+    (a) any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to,
+        deletion from, or modification of the contents of Covered
+        Software; or
+
+    (b) any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered
+        Software.
+
+1.11. "Patent Claims" of a Contributor
+    means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method,
+    process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such
+    Contributor that would be infringed, but for the grant of the
+    License, by the making, using, selling, offering for sale, having
+    made, import, or transfer of either its Contributions or its
+    Contributor Version.
+
+1.12. "Secondary License"
+    means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General
+    Public License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those
+    licenses.
+
+1.13. "Source Code Form"
+    means the form of the work preferred for making modifications.
+
+1.14. "You" (or "Your")
+    means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under this
+    License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity that
+    controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For
+    purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct
+    or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity,
+    whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than
+    fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial
+    ownership of such entity.
+
+2. License Grants and Conditions
+--------------------------------
+
+2.1. Grants
+
+Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
+non-exclusive license:
+
+(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
+    Licensable by such Contributor to use, reproduce, make available,
+    modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its
+    Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or
+    as part of a Larger Work; and
+
+(b) under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer
+    for sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its
+    Contributions or its Contributor Version.
+
+2.2. Effective Date
+
+The licenses granted in Section 2.1 with respect to any Contribution
+become effective for each Contribution on the date the Contributor first
+distributes such Contribution.
+
+2.3. Limitations on Grant Scope
+
+The licenses granted in this Section 2 are the only rights granted under
+this License. No additional rights or licenses will be implied from the
+distribution or licensing of Covered Software under this License.
+Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted by a
+Contributor:
+
+(a) for any code that a Contributor has removed from Covered Software;
+    or
+
+(b) for infringements caused by: (i) Your and any other third party's
+    modifications of Covered Software, or (ii) the combination of its
+    Contributions with other software (except as part of its Contributor
+    Version); or
+
+(c) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Software in the absence of
+    its Contributions.
+
+This License does not grant any rights in the trademarks, service marks,
+or logos of any Contributor (except as may be necessary to comply with
+the notice requirements in Section 3.4).
+
+2.4. Subsequent Licenses
+
+No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to
+distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this
+License (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if
+permitted under the terms of Section 3.3).
+
+2.5. Representation
+
+Each Contributor represents that the Contributor believes its
+Contributions are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights
+to grant the rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License.
+
+2.6. Fair Use
+
+This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under
+applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other
+equivalents.
+
+2.7. Conditions
+
+Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted
+in Section 2.1.
+
+3. Responsibilities
+-------------------
+
+3.1. Distribution of Source Form
+
+All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any
+Modifications that You create or to which You contribute, must be under
+the terms of this License. You must inform recipients that the Source
+Code Form of the Covered Software is governed by the terms of this
+License, and how they can obtain a copy of this License. You may not
+attempt to alter or restrict the recipients' rights in the Source Code
+Form.
+
+3.2. Distribution of Executable Form
+
+If You distribute Covered Software in Executable Form then:
+
+(a) such Covered Software must also be made available in Source Code
+    Form, as described in Section 3.1, and You must inform recipients of
+    the Executable Form how they can obtain a copy of such Source Code
+    Form by reasonable means in a timely manner, at a charge no more
+    than the cost of distribution to the recipient; and
+
+(b) You may distribute such Executable Form under the terms of this
+    License, or sublicense it under different terms, provided that the
+    license for the Executable Form does not attempt to limit or alter
+    the recipients' rights in the Source Code Form under this License.
+
+3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work
+
+You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice,
+provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for
+the Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered
+Software with a work governed by one or more Secondary Licenses, and the
+Covered Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this
+License permits You to additionally distribute such Covered Software
+under the terms of such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of
+the Larger Work may, at their option, further distribute the Covered
+Software under the terms of either this License or such Secondary
+License(s).
+
+3.4. Notices
+
+You may not remove or alter the substance of any license notices
+(including copyright notices, patent notices, disclaimers of warranty,
+or limitations of liability) contained within the Source Code Form of
+the Covered Software, except that You may alter any license notices to
+the extent required to remedy known factual inaccuracies.
+
+3.5. Application of Additional Terms
+
+You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
+indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered
+Software. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on
+behalf of any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any
+such warranty, support, indemnity, or liability obligation is offered by
+You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify every Contributor for any
+liability incurred by such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
+indemnity or liability terms You offer. You may include additional
+disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability specific to any
+jurisdiction.
+
+4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this
+License with respect to some or all of the Covered Software due to
+statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with
+the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b)
+describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must
+be placed in a text file included with all distributions of the Covered
+Software under this License. Except to the extent prohibited by statute
+or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a
+recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.
+
+5. Termination
+--------------
+
+5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically
+if You fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become
+compliant, then the rights granted under this License from a particular
+Contributor are reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until such
+Contributor explicitly and finally terminates Your grants, and (b) on an
+ongoing basis, if such Contributor fails to notify You of the
+non-compliance by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after You have
+come back into compliance. Moreover, Your grants from a particular
+Contributor are reinstated on an ongoing basis if such Contributor
+notifies You of the non-compliance by some reasonable means, this is the
+first time You have received notice of non-compliance with this License
+from such Contributor, and You become compliant prior to 30 days after
+Your receipt of the notice.
+
+5.2. If You initiate litigation against any entity by asserting a patent
+infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions,
+counter-claims, and cross-claims) alleging that a Contributor Version
+directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then the rights granted to
+You by any and all Contributors for the Covered Software under Section
+2.1 of this License shall terminate.
+
+5.3. In the event of termination under Sections 5.1 or 5.2 above, all
+end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which
+have been validly granted by You or Your distributors under this License
+prior to termination shall survive termination.
+
+************************************************************************
+*                                                                      *
+*  6. Disclaimer of Warranty                                           *
+*  -------------------------                                           *
+*                                                                      *
+*  Covered Software is provided under this License on an "as is"       *
+*  basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or  *
+*  statutory, including, without limitation, warranties that the       *
+*  Covered Software is free of defects, merchantable, fit for a        *
+*  particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire risk as to the     *
+*  quality and performance of the Covered Software is with You.        *
+*  Should any Covered Software prove defective in any respect, You     *
+*  (not any Contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing,   *
+*  repair, or correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an   *
+*  essential part of this License. No use of any Covered Software is   *
+*  authorized under this License except under this disclaimer.         *
+*                                                                      *
+************************************************************************
+
+************************************************************************
+*                                                                      *
+*  7. Limitation of Liability                                          *
+*  --------------------------                                          *
+*                                                                      *
+*  Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort      *
+*  (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall any           *
+*  Contributor, or anyone who distributes Covered Software as          *
+*  permitted above, be liable to You for any direct, indirect,         *
+*  special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character      *
+*  including, without limitation, damages for lost profits, loss of    *
+*  goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any    *
+*  and all other commercial damages or losses, even if such party      *
+*  shall have been informed of the possibility of such damages. This   *
+*  limitation of liability shall not apply to liability for death or   *
+*  personal injury resulting from such party's negligence to the       *
+*  extent applicable law prohibits such limitation. Some               *
+*  jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of           *
+*  incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion and          *
+*  limitation may not apply to You.                                    *
+*                                                                      *
+************************************************************************
+
+8. Litigation
+-------------
+
+Any litigation relating to this License may be brought only in the
+courts of a jurisdiction where the defendant maintains its principal
+place of business and such litigation shall be governed by laws of that
+jurisdiction, without reference to its conflict-of-law provisions.
+Nothing in this Section shall prevent a party's ability to bring
+cross-claims or counter-claims.
+
+9. Miscellaneous
+----------------
+
+This License represents the complete agreement concerning the subject
+matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be
+unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent
+necessary to make it enforceable. Any law or regulation which provides
+that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter
+shall not be used to construe this License against a Contributor.
+
+10. Versions of the License
+---------------------------
+
+10.1. New Versions
+
+Mozilla Foundation is the license steward. Except as provided in Section
+10.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to modify or
+publish new versions of this License. Each version will be given a
+distinguishing version number.
+
+10.2. Effect of New Versions
+
+You may distribute the Covered Software under the terms of the version
+of the License under which You originally received the Covered Software,
+or under the terms of any subsequent version published by the license
+steward.
+
+10.3. Modified Versions
+
+If you create software not governed by this License, and you want to
+create a new license for such software, you may create and use a
+modified version of this License if you rename the license and remove
+any references to the name of the license steward (except to note that
+such modified license differs from this License).
+
+10.4. Distributing Source Code Form that is Incompatible With Secondary
+Licenses
+
+If You choose to distribute Source Code Form that is Incompatible With
+Secondary Licenses under the terms of this version of the License, the
+notice described in Exhibit B of this License must be attached.
+
+Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice
+-------------------------------------------
+
+  This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+  License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+  file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular
+file, then You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE
+file in a relevant directory) where a recipient would be likely to look
+for such a notice.
+
+You may add additional accurate notices of copyright ownership.
+
+Exhibit B - "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" Notice
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+  This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as
+  defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.

README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Maven Info
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.dorkbox</groupId>
       <artifactId>NetworkDNS</artifactId>
-      <version>2.7</version>
+      <version>2.16</version>
     </dependency>
 </dependencies>
 ```
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Gradle Info
 ```
 dependencies {
     ...
-    implementation("com.dorkbox:NetworkDNS:2.7")
+    implementation("com.dorkbox:NetworkDNS:2.16")
 }
 ```
 

build.gradle.kts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2020 dorkbox, llc
+ * Copyright 2023 dorkbox, llc
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import java.time.Instant
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile
 
 ///////////////////////////////
 //////    PUBLISH TO SONATYPE / MAVEN CENTRAL
@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ import java.time.Instant
 gradle.startParameter.showStacktrace = ShowStacktrace.ALWAYS   // always show the stacktrace!
 
 plugins {
-    id("com.dorkbox.GradleUtils") version "2.17"
-    id("com.dorkbox.Licensing") version "2.12"
-    id("com.dorkbox.VersionUpdate") version "2.5"
-    id("com.dorkbox.GradlePublish") version "1.12"
+    id("com.dorkbox.GradleUtils") version "3.18"
+    id("com.dorkbox.Licensing") version "2.28"
+    id("com.dorkbox.VersionUpdate") version "2.8"
+    id("com.dorkbox.GradlePublish") version "1.20"
 
-    kotlin("jvm") version "1.6.10"
+    kotlin("jvm") version "1.9.0"
 }
 
 object Extras {
     // set for the project
     const val description = "High-performance and event-driven/reactive DNS stack for Java 8+"
     const val group = "com.dorkbox"
-    const val version = "2.7"
+    const val version = "2.16"
 
     // set as project.ext
     const val name = "NetworkDNS"
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ object Extras {
     const val vendor = "Dorkbox LLC"
     const val vendorUrl = "https://dorkbox.com"
     const val url = "https://git.dorkbox.com/dorkbox/NetworkDNS"
-
-    val buildDate = Instant.now().toString()
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////
@@ -81,28 +79,28 @@ tasks.jar.get().apply {
         attributes["Specification-Vendor"] = Extras.vendor
 
         attributes["Implementation-Title"] = "${Extras.group}.${Extras.id}"
-        attributes["Implementation-Version"] = Extras.buildDate
+        attributes["Implementation-Version"] = GradleUtils.now()
         attributes["Implementation-Vendor"] = Extras.vendor
     }
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    api("com.dorkbox:NetworkUtils:2.15")
-    api("com.dorkbox:OS:1.0")
-    api("com.dorkbox:Utilities:1.25")
+    api("com.dorkbox:Collections:2.6")
+    api("com.dorkbox:NetworkUtils:2.23")
+    api("com.dorkbox:OS:1.8")
     api("com.dorkbox:Updates:1.1")
 
-    val nettyVer = "4.1.77.Final"
+    val nettyVer = "4.1.99.Final"
     api("io.netty:netty-buffer:$nettyVer")
     api("io.netty:netty-transport:$nettyVer")
     api("io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:$nettyVer")
     api("io.netty:netty-transport-classes-kqueue:$nettyVer")
     api("io.netty:netty-codec:$nettyVer")
 
-    api("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.8.0-beta4")
+    implementation("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.9")
 
     testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.2")
-    testImplementation("ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.3.0-alpha4")
+    testImplementation("ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.4.5")
 }
 
 publishToSonatype {
@@ -128,3 +126,14 @@ publishToSonatype {
         email = "email@dorkbox.com"
     }
 }
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+val compileKotlin: KotlinCompile by tasks
+compileKotlin.kotlinOptions {
+    jvmTarget = "1.8"
+}
+val compileTestKotlin: KotlinCompile by tasks
+compileTestKotlin.kotlinOptions {
+    jvmTarget = "1.8"
+}

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4.2-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.3-all.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

gradlew

@@ -205,6 +205,12 @@ set -- \
         org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
         "$@"
 
+# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
+if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    die "xargs is not available"
+fi
+
 # Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
 #
 # With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.

gradlew.bat

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 @rem limitations under the License.
 @rem
 
-@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
 @rem ##########################################################################
 @rem
 @rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
 
 set DIRNAME=%~dp0
-if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
 set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
 set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
 
 set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
 %JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
-if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto execute
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
 
 echo.
 echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
@@ -75,13 +75,15 @@ set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
 
 :end
 @rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
-if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd
 
 :fail
 rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
 rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
-if  not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
-exit /b 1
+set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
+if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
+if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
+exit /b %EXIT_CODE%
 
 :mainEnd
 if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal

settings.gradle.kts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2018 dorkbox, llc
+ * Copyright 2023 dorkbox, llc
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+rootProject.name = "NetworkDNS"

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/chain/Chain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.chain;
+
+public interface Chain<CTX, R extends ChainResult> {
+
+	R execute(CTX context);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/chain/ChainResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.chain;
+
+public interface ChainResult {
+
+	boolean hasNext();
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/chain/impl/DefaultChainExecutor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+
+public class DefaultChainExecutor<CTX, R extends ChainResult> implements
+		Chain<CTX, R> {
+
+	protected List<Chain<CTX, R>> chains = new ArrayList<Chain<CTX, R>>();
+
+	@Override
+	public R execute(CTX context) {
+		R r = null;
+		for (Chain<CTX, R> c : this.chains) {
+			r = c.execute(context);
+			if (r.hasNext() == false) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	public void add(Chain<CTX, R> c) {
+		this.chains.add(c);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/chain/impl/SimpleChainResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+
+public class SimpleChainResult implements ChainResult {
+
+	public static final ChainResult Continue = new SimpleChainResult(true);
+
+	public static final ChainResult Terminate = new SimpleChainResult();
+
+	protected boolean hasNext;
+
+	public SimpleChainResult() {
+		this(false);
+	}
+
+	public SimpleChainResult(boolean hasNext) {
+		this.hasNext = hasNext;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean hasNext() {
+		return this.hasNext;
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Constants.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+public class Constants {
+
+	public static final String BASE_NAME = "org.handwerkszeug.dns";
+	public static final String SYSTEM_PROPERTY_NAMESERVERS = BASE_NAME
+			+ ".nameservers";
+
+	public static final String SYSTEM_PROPERTY_ACTIVE_NAMESERVER_CONTAINER = BASE_NAME
+			+ ".container";
+
+	public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 53;
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/DNSClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.EnumUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.VariableEnum;
+
+/**
+ * RFC1035 3.2.4. CLASS values
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public enum DNSClass implements VariableEnum {
+
+	/**
+	 * the Internet
+	 */
+	IN(1),
+
+	/**
+	 * the CSNET class (Obsolete - used only for examples in some obsolete RFCs)
+	 */
+	CS(2),
+
+	/**
+	 * the CHAOS class
+	 */
+	CH(3),
+
+	/**
+	 * Hesiod [Dyer 87]
+	 */
+	HS(4),
+
+	/**
+	 * any class
+	 */
+	ANY(255);
+
+	private int value;
+
+	@Override
+	public int value() {
+		return this.value;
+	}
+
+	private DNSClass(int i) {
+		this.value = i;
+	}
+
+	public static DNSClass valueOf(int value) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(DNSClass.values(), value);
+	}
+
+	public static DNSClass find(String value) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(DNSClass.values(), value, null);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/DNSMessage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.AbstractRecord;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * RFC1035 4. MESSAGES
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ *     +---------------------+
+ *     |        Header       |
+ *     +---------------------+
+ *     |       Question      | the question for the name server
+ *     +---------------------+
+ *     |        Answer       | RRs answering the question
+ *     +---------------------+
+ *     |      Authority      | RRs pointing toward an authority
+ *     +---------------------+
+ *     |      Additional     | RRs holding additional information
+ *     +---------------------+
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class DNSMessage {
+
+	protected Header header;
+	protected List<ResourceRecord> question;
+	protected List<ResourceRecord> answer;
+	protected List<ResourceRecord> authority;
+	protected List<ResourceRecord> additional;
+
+	protected int messageSize;
+
+	public DNSMessage(Header header) {
+		this.header(header);
+		this.question = new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>();
+		this.answer = new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>();
+		this.authority = new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>();
+		this.additional = new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>();
+	}
+
+	public DNSMessage() {
+		this(new Header());
+	}
+
+	public DNSMessage(DNSMessage from) {
+		this(new Header(from.header()));
+
+		this.question().addAll(from.question());
+		this.answer().addAll(from.answer());
+		this.authority().addAll(from.authority());
+		this.additional().addAll(from.additional());
+
+		this.messageSize(from.messageSize());
+	}
+
+	public DNSMessage(ByteBuf buffer) {
+		this.header = new Header(buffer);
+		if (this.header.rcode().equals(RCode.FormErr)) {
+			this.question = Collections.emptyList();
+			this.answer = Collections.emptyList();
+			this.authority = Collections.emptyList();
+			this.additional = Collections.emptyList();
+		} else {
+			this.parse(buffer);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void parse(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        Header header = this.header();
+
+        int q = header.qdcount();
+        if (q < 1) {
+            this.question = Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        else {
+            this.question(new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>(q));
+            for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
+                this.question()
+                    .add(AbstractRecord.parseSection(buffer));
+            }
+        }
+        this.answer(parse(buffer, header.ancount()));
+        this.authority(parse(buffer, header.nscount()));
+        this.additional(parse(buffer, header.arcount()));
+
+        this.messageSize(buffer.readerIndex());
+    }
+
+	protected static
+    List<ResourceRecord> parse(ByteBuf buffer, int size) {
+		if (size < 1) {
+			return Collections.emptyList();
+		}
+
+		List<ResourceRecord> result = new ArrayList<ResourceRecord>(size);
+		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+			ResourceRecord rr = AbstractRecord.parseSection(buffer);
+			rr.parse(buffer);
+			result.add(rr);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public void write(ByteBuf buffer) {
+		header().qdcount(this.question().size());
+		header().ancount(this.answer().size());
+		header().nscount(this.authority().size());
+		header().arcount(this.additional().size());
+
+		header().write(buffer);
+		NameCompressor nc = new SimpleNameCompressor();
+		for (ResourceRecord rr : this.question()) {
+			AbstractRecord.writeSection(buffer, nc, rr);
+		}
+		write(buffer, nc, answer());
+		write(buffer, nc, authority());
+		write(buffer, nc, additional());
+	}
+
+	protected void write(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor,
+			List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		for (ResourceRecord rr : list) {
+			AbstractRecord.writeSection(buffer, compressor, rr);
+			rr.write(buffer, compressor);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Header header() {
+		return this.header;
+	}
+
+	public void header(Header header) {
+		this.header = header;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 4.1.2. Question section format
+	 */
+	public List<ResourceRecord> question() {
+		return this.question;
+	}
+
+	public void question(List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		this.question = list;
+	}
+
+	public List<ResourceRecord> answer() {
+		return this.answer;
+	}
+
+	public void answer(List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		this.answer = list;
+	}
+
+	public List<ResourceRecord> authority() {
+		return this.authority;
+	}
+
+	public void authority(List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		this.authority = list;
+	}
+
+	public List<ResourceRecord> additional() {
+		return this.additional;
+	}
+
+	public void additional(List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		this.additional = list;
+	}
+
+	public int messageSize() {
+		return this.messageSize;
+	}
+
+	public void messageSize(int size) {
+		this.messageSize = size;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Header.java

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * RFC1035 4.1.1. Header section format
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ *                                   1  1  1  1  1  1
+ *     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |                      ID                       |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |QR|   DnsOpCode  |AA|TC|RD|RA|   Z    |   RCODE   |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |                    QDCOUNT                    |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |                    ANCOUNT                    |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |                    NSCOUNT                    |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *   |                    ARCOUNT                    |
+ *   +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class Header {
+
+	static final int MIN_USHORT = 0;
+	static final int MAX_USHORT = 0xFFFF;
+
+	static final int FLAGS_QR = 15;
+	static final int FLAGS_Opcode = 11;
+	static final int FLAGS_AA = 10;
+	static final int FLAGS_TC = 9;
+	static final int FLAGS_RD = 8;
+	static final int FLAGS_RA = 7;
+	static final int FLAGS_Z = 4;
+	static final int FLAGS_RCODE = 0;
+
+	static final int[] FLAGS_ALL = { FLAGS_QR, FLAGS_AA, FLAGS_TC, FLAGS_RD, FLAGS_RA };
+	static final String[] FLAGS_TXT = { "qr", "aa", "tc", "rd", "ra" };
+
+	static final SecureRandom RANDOM;
+
+	static {
+		RANDOM = new SecureRandom();
+		byte[] seed = RANDOM.generateSeed(20); // TODO more ? from config?
+		RANDOM.setSeed(seed);
+	}
+
+	protected int id;
+	// include there flags |QR| DnsOpCode |AA|TC|RD|RA| Z | RCODE|
+	protected int flags;
+
+	protected int qdcount;
+	protected int ancount;
+	protected int nscount;
+	protected int arcount;
+
+	public Header() {
+		this(RANDOM.nextInt(MAX_USHORT));
+	}
+
+	protected Header(int id) {
+		id(id);
+	}
+
+	public Header(ByteBuf in) {
+		this(in.readUnsignedShort());
+		flags(in.readUnsignedShort());
+		qdcount(in.readUnsignedShort());
+		ancount(in.readUnsignedShort());
+		nscount(in.readUnsignedShort());
+		arcount(in.readUnsignedShort());
+	}
+
+	public Header(Header from) {
+		this();
+
+		this.flags(from.flags());
+		this.qdcount(from.qdcount());
+		this.ancount(from.ancount());
+		this.nscount(from.nscount());
+		this.arcount(from.arcount());
+	}
+
+	public void write(ByteBuf out) {
+		out.writeShort(id());
+		out.writeShort(flags());
+		out.writeShort(qdcount());
+		out.writeShort(ancount());
+		out.writeShort(nscount());
+		out.writeShort(arcount());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A 16 bit identifier assigned by the program that generates any kind of
+	 * query. This identifier is copied the corresponding reply and can be used
+	 * by the requester to match up replies to outstanding queries.
+	 * 
+	 */
+	public int id() {
+		return this.id;
+	}
+
+	public void id(int i) {
+		this.id = verify16bitValue("ID", i);
+	}
+
+	private static int verify16bitValue(String column, int i) {
+		if ((i < MIN_USHORT) || (MAX_USHORT < i)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+					Messages.Not16bitValue, column, i));
+		}
+		return i;
+	}
+
+	public int flags() {
+		return this.flags;
+	}
+
+	protected void flags(int flags) {
+		this.flags = verify16bitValue("Flags", flags);
+	}
+
+	protected int flag(int shift, int mask) {
+		return (this.flags >> shift) & mask;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A one bit field that specifies whether this message is a query (0), or a
+	 * response (1).
+	 */
+	public boolean qr() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_QR, 0x1) != 0;
+	}
+
+	public void qr(boolean is) {
+		flip(FLAGS_QR, is);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @see OpCode
+	 */
+	public OpCode opcode() {
+		int code = flag(FLAGS_Opcode, 0xF);
+		return OpCode.valueOf(code); // TODO cache?
+	}
+
+	public void opcode(OpCode op) {
+		// clear current opcode
+		this.flags &= 0x87FF; // 1000 0111 1111 1111
+		// set opcode
+		this.flags |= op.value() << FLAGS_Opcode;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Authoritative Answer - this bit is valid in responses, and specifies that
+	 * the responding name server is an authority for the domain name in
+	 * question section.
+	 */
+	public boolean aa() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_AA, 0x1) != 0;
+	}
+
+	public void aa(boolean is) {
+		flip(FLAGS_AA, is);
+	}
+
+	private void flip(int index, boolean is) {
+		int i = 1 << index; // TODO move to caller ?
+		if (is) {
+			this.flags |= i;
+		} else {
+			this.flags &= i ^ 0xFFFF;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TrunCation - specifies that this message was truncated due to length
+	 * greater than that permitted on the transmission channel.
+	 */
+	public boolean tc() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_TC, 0x1) != 0;
+	}
+
+	public void tc(boolean is) {
+		flip(FLAGS_TC, is);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Recursion Desired - this bit may be set in a query and is copied into the
+	 * response. If RD is set, it directs the name server to pursue the query
+	 * recursively. Recursive query support is optional.
+	 */
+	public boolean rd() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_RD, 0x1) != 0;
+	}
+
+	public void rd(boolean is) {
+		flip(FLAGS_RD, is);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Recursion Available - this be is set or cleared in a response, and
+	 * denotes whether recursive query support is available in the name server.
+	 */
+	public boolean ra() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_RA, 0x1) != 0;
+	}
+
+	public void ra(boolean is) {
+		flip(FLAGS_RA, is);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reserved for future use. Must be zero in all queries and responses.
+	 */
+	public int z() {
+		return flag(FLAGS_Z, 0x7);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @see RCode
+	 */
+	public RCode rcode() {
+		int code = flag(FLAGS_RCODE, 0xF);
+		return RCode.valueOf(code); // TODO cache ?
+	}
+
+	public void rcode(RCode rc) {
+		// clear current response code
+		this.flags &= 0xFFF0; // 1111 1111 1111 0000
+		// set response code
+		this.flags |= rc.value();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * an unsigned 16 bit integer specifying the number of entries in the
+	 * question section.
+	 */
+	public int qdcount() {
+		return this.qdcount;
+	}
+
+	public void qdcount(int value) {
+		this.qdcount = verify16bitValue("qdcount", value);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * an unsigned 16 bit integer specifying the number of resource records in
+	 * the answer section.
+	 */
+	public int ancount() {
+		return this.ancount;
+	}
+
+	public void ancount(int value) {
+		this.ancount = verify16bitValue("ancount", value);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * an unsigned 16 bit integer specifying the number of name server resource
+	 * records in the authority records section.
+	 */
+	public int nscount() {
+		return this.nscount;
+	}
+
+	public void nscount(int value) {
+		this.nscount = verify16bitValue("nscount", value);
+    }
+
+	/**
+	 * an unsigned 16 bit integer specifying the number of resource records in
+	 * the additional records section.
+	 */
+	public int arcount() {
+		return this.arcount;
+	}
+
+	public void arcount(int value) {
+		this.arcount = verify16bitValue("arcount", value);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(";; ->>HEADER<<- "
+				+ "opcode: {0}, rcode: {1}, id: {2,number,#}\n"
+				+ ";; flags: {3}; QUERY: {4,number,#}, "
+				+ "ANSWER: {5,number,#}, " + "AUTHORITY: {6,number,#}, "
+				+ "ADDITIONAL: {7,number,#}");
+		Object[] args = { opcode().name(), rcode().name(), id(),
+				toFlagsString(), qdcount(), ancount(), nscount(), arcount() };
+		return form.format(args);
+	}
+
+	protected String toFlagsString() {
+		StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+		for (int i = 0, length = FLAGS_ALL.length; i < length; i++) {
+			if (flag(FLAGS_ALL[i], 0x1) != 0) {
+				stb.append(FLAGS_TXT[i]);
+				stb.append(" ");
+			}
+		}
+		return stb.toString();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+		final int prime = 31;
+		int result = 1;
+		result = prime * result + this.id;
+		result = prime * result + this.flags;
+		result = prime * result + this.qdcount;
+		result = prime * result + this.ancount;
+		result = prime * result + this.nscount;
+		result = prime * result + this.arcount;
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+		if (this == obj) {
+			return true;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Header) {
+			Header other = (Header) obj;
+			return equals(other);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public boolean equals(Header other) {
+		if (other == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.id != other.id) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.flags != other.flags) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.qdcount != other.qdcount) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.ancount != other.ancount) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.nscount != other.nscount) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.arcount != other.arcount) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Markers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.slf4j.Marker;
+import org.slf4j.MarkerFactory;
+
+public
+class Markers {
+
+    /**
+     * maker prefixes.
+     */
+    public static final String PREFIX_PKG = "org.handwerkszeug.dns";
+
+    public static final Marker MARKER_ROOT = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG);
+
+    /**
+     * using for design decision. like plug-in or add-ins.
+     */
+    public static final Marker DESIGN = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG + ".design");
+
+    /**
+     * using for boundaries. like I/O or another library.
+     */
+    public static final Marker BOUNDARY = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG + ".boundary");
+
+    /**
+     * using for object lifecycle.
+     */
+    public static final Marker LIFECYCLE = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG + ".lifecycle");
+    /**
+     * using for implementation details. primary purpose is debugging.
+     */
+    public static final Marker DETAIL = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG + ".detail");
+
+    /**
+     * using for profiling.
+     */
+    public static final Marker PROFILE = MarkerFactory.getMarker(PREFIX_PKG + ".profile");
+
+    static {
+        Marker[] markers = {DESIGN, BOUNDARY, LIFECYCLE, DETAIL, PROFILE};
+        for (Marker m : markers) {
+            MARKER_ROOT.add(m);
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Name.java

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+
+public class Name implements Comparable<Name> {
+
+	public static final Name NULL_NAME;
+	public static final Name WILDCARD;
+
+	static final byte[] NULL_ARRAY = new byte[0];
+	static final byte[] WILDCARD_ARRAY = new byte[] { '*' };
+
+	static {
+		NULL_NAME = create(NULL_ARRAY);
+		WILDCARD = create(WILDCARD_ARRAY);
+	}
+
+	static Name create(byte[] array) {
+		List<byte[]> l = new ArrayList<byte[]>(1);
+		l.add(array);
+		return new Name(Collections.unmodifiableList(l));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 4.1.4. DnsMessage compression
+	 */
+	public static final int MASK_POINTER = 0xC0; // 1100 0000
+
+	/**
+	 * 2.3.4. Size limits
+	 */
+	public static final int MAX_LABEL_SIZE = 63; // 0011 1111
+
+	/**
+	 * 2.3.4. Size limits
+	 */
+	public static final int MAX_NAME_SIZE = 255;
+
+	protected final List<byte[]> name;
+
+	public Name(ByteBuf buffer) {
+		this.name = this.parse(buffer);
+	}
+
+	public Name(String name) {
+		this.name = this.parse(name);
+	}
+
+	protected Name(List<byte[]> rawdata) {
+		this.name = rawdata;
+	}
+
+	protected List<byte[]> parse(ByteBuf buffer) {
+		List<byte[]> list = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+		boolean jumped = false;
+
+		int namesize = 0;
+		for (int length = buffer.readUnsignedByte(); -1 < length; length = buffer
+				.readUnsignedByte()) {
+			if (length == 0) {
+				list.add(NULL_ARRAY);
+				break;
+			} else if ((length & MASK_POINTER) != 0) {
+				int p = ((length ^ MASK_POINTER) << 8)
+						+ buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+				if (jumped == false) {
+					buffer.markReaderIndex();
+					jumped = true;
+				}
+				buffer.readerIndex(p);
+			} else if (length <= MAX_LABEL_SIZE) {
+				namesize += length;
+				if (MAX_NAME_SIZE < namesize) {
+					throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+							Messages.NamesMustBe255orLess, namesize));
+				}
+				byte[] ary = new byte[length];
+				buffer.readBytes(ary);
+				list.add(ary);
+			} else {
+				throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
+						Messages.InvalidCompressionMask, length));
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (jumped) {
+			buffer.resetReaderIndex();
+		}
+
+		return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 5.1. Format
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * \X              where X is any character other than a digit (0-9), is
+	 *                 used to quote that character so that its special meaning
+	 *                 does not apply.  For example, "\." can be used to place
+	 *                 a dot character in a label.
+	 * 
+	 * \DDD            where each D is a digit is the octet corresponding to
+	 *                 the decimal number described by DDD.  The resulting
+	 *                 octet is assumed to be text and is not checked for
+	 *                 special meaning.
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @param namedata
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	protected List<byte[]> parse(String namedata) {
+		if (".".equals(namedata)) {
+			return NULL_NAME.name;
+		}
+		// TODO IDN support from RFC3490 RFC3491 RFC3492 RFC3454
+		List<byte[]> result = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+		byte[] bytes = namedata.getBytes();
+		int namesize = 0;
+        ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.buffer(MAX_LABEL_SIZE);
+		int current = 0;
+		int length = bytes.length;
+
+		boolean escape = false;
+		int digits = 0;
+		int value = 0;
+		for (; current < length; current++) {
+			byte b = bytes[current];
+			if (escape) {
+				if ((('0' <= b) && (b <= '9')) && (digits++ < 3)) {
+					value *= 10;
+					value += (b - '0');
+					if (255 < value) {
+						throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+								Messages.EscapedDecimalIsInvalid, value));
+					}
+					if (2 < digits) {
+						appendByte(namedata, buffer, (byte) value);
+						escape = false;
+					}
+				} else if (0 < digits) {
+					throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+							String.format(
+									Messages.MixtureOfEscapedDigitAndNonDigit,
+									namedata));
+				} else {
+					appendByte(namedata, buffer, b);
+					escape = false;
+				}
+			} else if (b == '\\') {
+				escape = true;
+				digits = 0;
+				value = 0;
+			} else if (b == '.') {
+				namesize = namesize + addBytes(result, buffer) + 1;
+			} else {
+				appendByte(namedata, buffer, b);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (escape) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+					Messages.InvalidEscapeSequence, namedata));
+		}
+
+		if (buffer.isReadable()) {
+			// relative domain name
+			namesize = namesize + addBytes(result, buffer);
+		} else {
+			// absolute domain name
+			result.add(NULL_ARRAY);
+		}
+
+        buffer.release();
+
+		namesize += 1;
+
+		if (MAX_NAME_SIZE < namesize) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+					Messages.NamesMustBe255orLess, namesize));
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	protected void appendByte(String namedata, ByteBuf buffer, byte b) {
+		if (buffer.isWritable()) {
+			buffer.writeByte(b);
+		} else {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(Messages.LabelsMustBe63orLess, namedata));
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected int addBytes(List<byte[]> result, ByteBuf buffer) {
+		int size = buffer.readableBytes();
+		if (size < 1) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(Messages.NullLabelIsNotValid);
+		}
+		byte[] newone = new byte[size];
+		buffer.readBytes(newone);
+		buffer.clear();
+		result.add(newone);
+		return size;
+	}
+
+	public void write(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+		// TODO DNAME and other non compress RR
+		// TODO need writing cache?
+		if (writePointer(buffer, compressor, this) == false) {
+			compressor.put(this, buffer.writerIndex());
+			for (int i = 0, size = this.name.size(); i < size; i++) {
+				byte[] current = this.name.get(i);
+				int cl = current.length;
+				buffer.writeByte(cl);
+				if (0 < cl) {
+					buffer.writeBytes(current);
+					if (i + 1 < size) {
+						Name n = new Name(this.name.subList(i + 1, size));
+						if (writePointer(buffer, compressor, n)) {
+							break;
+						} else {
+							compressor.put(n, buffer.writerIndex());
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected boolean writePointer(ByteBuf buffer,
+			NameCompressor compressor, Name n) {
+		int position = compressor.get(n);
+		if (-1 < position) {
+			int pointer = (MASK_POINTER << 8) | position;
+			buffer.writeShort(pointer);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public Name toParent() {
+		int size = this.name.size();
+		if (1 < size) {
+			List<byte[]> newone = this.name.subList(1, size);
+			return new Name(newone);
+		}
+		return NULL_NAME;
+	}
+
+	public Name toWildcard() {
+		int size = this.name.size();
+		if (1 < size) {
+			List<byte[]> newone = new ArrayList<byte[]>(size);
+			newone.add(WILDCARD_ARRAY);
+			newone.addAll(this.name.subList(1, size));
+			return new Name(Collections.unmodifiableList(newone));
+		}
+		return WILDCARD;
+	}
+
+	public boolean contains(Name other) {
+		notNull(other, "other");
+		int mySize = this.name.size();
+		int otherSize = other.name.size();
+		if (mySize < otherSize) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		int diff = mySize - otherSize;
+		for (int i = 0; i < otherSize; i++) {
+			byte[] me = this.name.get(i + diff);
+			byte[] yu = other.name.get(i);
+			if (Arrays.equals(me, yu) == false) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public Name replace(Name from, Name to) {
+		notNull(from, "from");
+		notNull(to, "to");
+		if (contains(from)) {
+			int diff = this.name.size() - from.name.size();
+			int newsize = diff + to.name.size();
+			List<byte[]> newone = new ArrayList<byte[]>(newsize);
+			newone.addAll(this.name.subList(0, diff));
+			newone.addAll(to.name);
+			int size = 0;
+			for (byte[] ary : newone) {
+				size += ary.length;
+			}
+			if (size < MAX_NAME_SIZE) {
+				return new Name(Collections.unmodifiableList(newone));
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+		final int prime = 31;
+		int result = 1;
+		for (byte[] b : this.name) {
+			result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode(b);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+		if (this == obj) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (obj instanceof Name) {
+			return equals(Name.class.cast(obj));
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public boolean equals(Name other) {
+		if (other == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		int mySize = this.name.size();
+		int yrSize = other.name.size();
+		if (mySize != yrSize) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		for (int i = 0; i < mySize; i++) {
+			byte[] me = this.name.get(i);
+			byte[] yu = other.name.get(i);
+			if (Arrays.equals(me, yu) == false) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int compareTo(Name o) {
+		// TODO use more effective algorithm for red black tree.
+		int mySize = this.name.size();
+		int yrSize = o.name.size();
+		if (mySize != yrSize) {
+			return mySize - yrSize;
+		}
+		int minSize = Math.min(mySize, yrSize);
+		for (int i = minSize - 1; (-1 < i); i--) {
+			byte[] mine = this.name.get(i);
+			byte[] other = o.name.get(i);
+			if (Arrays.equals(mine, other) == false) {
+				int size = Math.min(mine.length, other.length);
+				for (int ii = size - 1; -1 < ii; i--) {
+					byte mb = mine[ii];
+					byte yb = other[ii];
+					if (mb != yb) {
+						if (mb < yb) {
+							return -1;
+						} else {
+							return 1;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+		DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat();
+		fmt.setMinimumIntegerDigits(3);
+		for (Iterator<byte[]> cursor = this.name.iterator(); cursor.hasNext();) {
+			byte[] ary = cursor.next();
+			for (int i = 0, l = ary.length; i < l; i++) {
+				int b = ary[i] & 0xFF;
+				if ((b < 0x21) || (0x7F < b)) {
+					stb.append('\\');
+					stb.append(fmt.format(b));
+				} else {
+					switch (b) {
+					case '"':
+					case '(':
+					case ')':
+					case '.':
+					case ';':
+					case '\\':
+					case '@':
+					case '$':
+						stb.append('\\');
+					default:
+						stb.append((char) b);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (cursor.hasNext()) {
+				stb.append('.');
+			}
+		}
+		return stb.toString();
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/NameCompressor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+
+/**
+ * 3.3. Standard RRs
+ * <p>
+ * The following RR definitions are expected to occur, at least potentially, in
+ * all classes. In particular, NS, SOA, CNAME, and PTR will be used in all
+ * classes, and have the same format in all classes. Because their RDATA format
+ * is known, all domain names in the RDATA section of these RRs may be
+ * compressed.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * 4.1.4. DnsMessage compression
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * 
+ */
+public interface NameCompressor {
+
+	void put(Name name, int offset);
+
+	int get(Name name);
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/NameServerContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Disposable;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Initializable;
+
+public interface NameServerContainer extends Initializable, Disposable {
+
+	String name();
+
+	List<String> nameservers();
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/NameServerContainerProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Disposable;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Initializable;
+
+public class NameServerContainerProvider implements Initializable, Disposable {
+
+	public static final String DEFAULT_NAME = "default";
+
+	protected Map<String, NameServerContainer> containers = new HashMap<String, NameServerContainer>();
+
+	@Override
+	public void initialize() {
+		initialize(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
+	}
+
+	public void initialize(ClassLoader classLoader) {
+		ServiceLoader<NameServerContainer> loader = ServiceLoader.load(
+				NameServerContainer.class, classLoader);
+		for (NameServerContainer nc : loader) {
+			this.containers.put(nc.name(), nc);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void dispose() {
+		this.containers.clear();
+	}
+
+	public NameServerContainer getContainer() {
+		String name = System
+				.getProperty(Constants.SYSTEM_PROPERTY_ACTIVE_NAMESERVER_CONTAINER);
+		return getContainer(name);
+	}
+
+	public NameServerContainer getContainer(String name) {
+		NameServerContainer result = this.containers.get(name);
+		if (result == null) {
+			result = this.containers.get(DEFAULT_NAME);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/NullNameCompressor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+public class NullNameCompressor implements NameCompressor {
+
+	public static final NullNameCompressor INSTANCE = new NullNameCompressor();
+
+	private NullNameCompressor() {
+
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void put(Name name, int offset) {
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int get(Name name) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/OpCode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.EnumUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.VariableEnum;
+
+/**
+ * A four bit field that specifies kind of query in this message. This value is
+ * set by the originator of a query and copied into the response. The values
+ * are:
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * @see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters">Domain Name
+ *      System (DNS) Parameters</a>
+ */
+public enum OpCode implements VariableEnum {
+	/**
+	 * a standard query
+	 */
+	QUERY(0),
+
+	/**
+	 * an inverse query
+	 */
+	IQUERY(1),
+
+	/**
+	 * a server status request
+	 */
+	STATUS(2);
+
+	private int code;
+
+	private OpCode(int i) {
+		this.code = i;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int value() {
+		return this.code;
+	}
+
+	public static OpCode valueOf(int code) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(OpCode.values(), code);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/RCode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.EnumUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.VariableEnum;
+
+/**
+ * Response code - this 4 bit field is set as part of responses. The values have
+ * the following interpretation:
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * @see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters">Domain Name
+ *      System (DNS) Parameters</a>
+ */
+public enum RCode implements VariableEnum {
+
+	/**
+	 * No error condition
+	 */
+	NoError(0),
+
+	/**
+	 * Format error - The name server was unable to interpret the query.
+	 */
+	FormErr(1),
+
+	/**
+	 * Server failure - The name server was unable to process this query due to
+	 * a problem with the name server.
+	 */
+	ServFail(2),
+
+	/**
+	 * Name Error - Meaningful only for responses from an authoritative name
+	 * server, this code signifies that the domain name referenced in the query
+	 * does not exist.
+	 */
+	NXDomain(3),
+
+	/**
+	 * Not Implemented - The name server does not support the requested kind of
+	 * query.
+	 */
+	NotImp(4),
+
+	/**
+	 * Refused - The name server refuses to perform the specified operation for
+	 * policy reasons. For example, a name server may not wish to provide the
+	 * information to the particular requester, or a name server may not wish to
+	 * perform a particular operation (e.g., zone transfer) for particular data.
+	 */
+	Refused(5),
+
+	/**
+	 * Name Exists when it should not
+	 */
+	YXDomain(6),
+
+	/**
+	 * RR Set Exists when it should not
+	 */
+	YXRRSet(7),
+
+	/**
+	 * RR Set that should exist does not
+	 */
+	NXRRSet(8),
+
+	/**
+	 * Server Not Authoritative for zone
+	 */
+	NotAuth(9),
+
+	/**
+	 * Name not contained in zone
+	 */
+	NotZone(10);
+
+	private int code;
+
+	@Override
+	public int value() {
+		return this.code;
+	}
+
+	private RCode(int i) {
+		this.code = i;
+	}
+
+	public static RCode valueOf(int code) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(RCode.values(), code);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/RRType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.AAAARecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.ARecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.HINFORecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.MINFORecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.MXRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.NULLRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SOARecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SingleNameRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.TXTRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.WKSRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.EnumUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.VariableEnum;
+
+/**
+ * 3.2.2. TYPE values
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * @see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters">Domain Name
+ *      System (DNS) Parameters</a>
+ */
+public enum RRType implements VariableEnum {
+	/**
+	 * a host address
+	 */
+	A(1) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new ARecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * an authoritative name server
+	 */
+	NS(2) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a mail destination (Obsolete - use MX)
+	 */
+	MD(3) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a mail forwarder (Obsolete - use MX)
+	 */
+	MF(4) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * the canonical name for an alias
+	 */
+	CNAME(5) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * marks the start of a zone of authority
+	 */
+	SOA(6) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SOARecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a mailbox domain name (EXPERIMENTAL)
+	 */
+	MB(7) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a mail group member (EXPERIMENTAL)
+	 */
+	MG(8) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a mail rename domain name (EXPERIMENTAL)
+	 */
+	MR(9) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a null RR (EXPERIMENTAL)
+	 */
+	NULL(10) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new NULLRecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a well known service description
+	 */
+	WKS(11) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new WKSRecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * a domain name pointer
+	 */
+	PTR(12) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * host information
+	 */
+	HINFO(13) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new HINFORecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * mailbox or mail list information
+	 */
+	MINFO(14) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new MINFORecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * mail exchange
+	 */
+	MX(15) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new MXRecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * text strings
+	 */
+	TXT(16) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new TXTRecord();
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * IP6 Address
+	 */
+	AAAA(28) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new AAAARecord();
+		}
+	},
+
+	/**
+	 * Naming Authority Pointer
+	 * 
+	 * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3403#section-4
+	 */
+	NAPTR(35) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			// TODO not implemented...
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+	},
+
+	/**
+	 * Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection
+	 * 
+	 * @see http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2672.txt
+	 */
+	DNAME(39) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+		}
+	},
+
+
+    // RFC6891 6.1.1 OPT values
+    /**
+     * An OPT pseudo-RR (sometimes called a meta-RR) MAY be added to the additional data section of a request.
+     *
+     * @see http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6891.txt
+     */
+    OPT(41) {
+        @Override
+        public
+        ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+            return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+        }
+    },
+
+
+
+
+
+
+	// RFC1035 3.2.3. QTYPE values
+	/**
+	 * A request for a transfer of an entire zone
+	 */
+	AXFR(252) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format(
+					Messages.NoResourceRecord, AXFR.name()));
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * A request for mailbox-related records (MB, MG or MR)
+	 */
+	MAILB(253) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format(
+					Messages.NoResourceRecord, MAILB.name()));
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * A request for mail agent RRs (Obsolete - see MX)
+	 */
+	MAILA(254) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format(
+					Messages.NoResourceRecord, MAILA.name()));
+		}
+	},
+	/**
+	 * A request for all records
+	 */
+	ANY(255) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format(
+					Messages.NoResourceRecord, ANY.name()));
+		}
+	},
+	UNKNOWN(-1) {
+		@Override
+		public ResourceRecord newRecord() {
+			return new NULLRecord();
+		}
+	};
+
+	private int code;
+
+	private RRType(int i) {
+		this.code = i;
+	}
+
+	public abstract ResourceRecord newRecord();
+
+	@Override
+	public int value() {
+		return this.code;
+	}
+
+	public static RRType valueOf(int code) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(RRType.values(), code, UNKNOWN);
+	}
+
+	public static RRType find(String value) {
+		return EnumUtil.find(RRType.values(), value, null);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/ResolveContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+public interface ResolveContext {
+
+	DNSMessage request();
+
+	DNSMessage response();
+
+	Response resolve(Name qname, RRType qtype);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Resolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl.SimpleChainResult;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public interface Resolver extends Chain<ResolveContext, SimpleChainResult> {
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/ResourceRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 4.1.3. Resource record format<br/>
+ * The answer, authority, and additional sections all share the same format: a
+ * variable number of resource records, where the number of records is specified
+ * in the corresponding count field in the header. Each resource record has the
+ * following format:
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ *                                     1  1  1  1  1  1
+ *       0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                                               |
+ *     /                                               /
+ *     /                      NAME                     /
+ *     |                                               |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                      TYPE                     |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                     CLASS                     |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                      TTL                      |
+ *     |                                               |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                   RDLENGTH                    |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
+ *     /                     RDATA                     /
+ *     /                                               /
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * @see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters">Domain Name
+ *      System (DNS) Parameters</a>
+ */
+public interface ResourceRecord {
+
+	/**
+	 * two octets containing one of the RR type codes. This field specifies the
+	 * meaning of the data in the RDATA field.
+	 */
+	RRType type();
+
+	/**
+	 * a domain name to which this resource record pertains.
+	 */
+	Name name();
+
+	void name(Name name);
+
+	/**
+	 * two octets which specify the class of the data in the RDATA field.
+	 */
+	DNSClass dnsClass();
+
+	void dnsClass(DNSClass dnsClass);
+
+	/**
+	 * a 32 bit unsigned integer that specifies the time interval (in seconds)
+	 * that the resource record may be cached before it should be discarded.
+	 * Zero values are interpreted to mean that the RR can only be used for the
+	 * transaction in progress, and should not be cached.
+	 */
+	long ttl();
+
+	void ttl(long ttl);
+
+	/**
+	 * an unsigned 16 bit integer that specifies the length in octets of the
+	 * RDATA field.
+	 */
+	int rdlength();
+
+	void rdlength(int rdlength);
+
+	void setRDATA(List<String> list);
+
+	void parse(ByteBuf buffer);
+
+	void write(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor);
+
+	ResourceRecord toQnameRecord(Name qname);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Response.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+/**
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public interface Response {
+
+	RCode rcode();
+
+	void postProcess(ResolveContext context);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/SimpleNameCompressor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class SimpleNameCompressor implements NameCompressor {
+
+	protected Map<Name, Integer> map = new HashMap<Name, Integer>();
+
+	public void put(Name name, int offset) {
+		this.map.put(name, offset);
+	}
+
+	public int get(Name name) {
+		Integer i = this.map.get(name);
+		if (i == null) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		return i.intValue();
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/Zone.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+public interface Zone {
+	Name name();
+
+	DNSClass dnsClass();
+
+	ZoneType type();
+
+	Response find(Name qname, RRType qtype);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/ZoneType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns;
+
+public enum ZoneType {
+
+	master, slave, stub, forward, rootHint;
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/aaaa/DNSClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.aaaa;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Constants;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Header;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainer;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainerProvider;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.OpCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.client.WKPortNumbers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.client.WKProtocols;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.WKSRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.EnumUtil;
+import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ConnectionlessBootstrap;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioDatagramChannelFactory;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+public class DNSClient extends SimpleChannelHandler {
+
+	protected static final String LINE_SEP = System.getProperty("line.separator");
+	protected NameServerContainer container;
+	protected WKProtocols wkProtocols = new WKProtocols();
+	protected WKPortNumbers wkPortNumbers = new WKPortNumbers();
+
+	protected List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+	protected DNSClass dnsclass = DNSClass.IN;
+
+	protected RRType type = RRType.A;
+
+	protected OpCode opCode = OpCode.QUERY;
+
+	protected InetSocketAddress serverAddress;
+
+	protected int serverPort = Constants.DEFAULT_PORT; // default DNS port.
+
+	protected DNSMessage request;
+
+	protected long time;
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+		DNSClient client = new DNSClient();
+		client.initialize();
+		client.process(args);
+	}
+
+	protected void initialize() {
+		NameServerContainerProvider provider = new NameServerContainerProvider();
+		provider.initialize();
+		this.container = provider.getContainer();
+		this.container.initialize();
+		this.wkProtocols.load();
+		this.wkPortNumbers.load();
+	}
+
+	protected void process(String[] args) throws Exception {
+		parseArgs(args);
+		setUpRequest();
+		sendRequest();
+	}
+
+	protected void parseArgs(String[] args) throws Exception {
+		InetAddress address = null;
+		for (int i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++) {
+			String current = args[i];
+			if (current.startsWith("@")) {
+				String s = current.substring(1);
+				address = InetAddress.getByName(s);
+			} else if (current.startsWith("-") && (1 < current.length())) {
+				switch (current.charAt(1)) {
+				case 'x': {
+					this.opCode = OpCode.IQUERY;
+					break;
+				}
+				case 'p': {
+					String next = args[++i];
+					if (Pattern.matches("\\p{Digit}+", next)) {
+						int num = Integer.parseInt(next);
+						if ((0 < num) && (num < 0xFFFF)) {
+							this.serverPort = num;
+						} else {
+							System.err.printf(Messages.InvalidPortNumber, num);
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				}
+
+			} else {
+				String s = current.toUpperCase();
+				DNSClass dc = EnumUtil.find(DNSClass.values(), s, null);
+				if (dc != null) {
+					this.dnsclass = dc;
+					continue;
+				}
+				RRType t = EnumUtil.find(RRType.values(), s, null);
+				if (t != null) {
+					this.type = t;
+					continue;
+				}
+				this.names.add(current);
+			}
+		}
+		if (address == null) {
+			address = findDNSServer();
+		}
+
+		this.serverAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, this.serverPort);
+	}
+
+	protected InetAddress findDNSServer() throws Exception {
+		List<String> list = this.container.nameservers();
+		if (0 < list.size()) {
+			String host = list.get(0).toString();
+			return InetAddress.getByName(host);
+		}
+		return InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+	}
+
+	protected void setUpRequest() {
+		this.request = new DNSMessage(new Header());
+		this.request.header().opcode(this.opCode);
+		this.request.header().rd(true);
+		for (String s : this.names) {
+			String name = s;
+			if ((OpCode.IQUERY.equals(this.opCode) == false)
+					&& (s.endsWith(".") == false)) {
+				name += ".";
+			}
+			ResourceRecord rr = this.type.newRecord();
+			rr.name(new Name(name));
+			this.request.question().add(rr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void sendRequest() {
+		// use UDP/IP
+		ChannelFactory factory = new NioDatagramChannelFactory(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());
+
+		try {
+			ConnectionlessBootstrap bootstrap = new ConnectionlessBootstrap(factory);
+
+			bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("handler", DNSClient.this);
+
+			bootstrap.setOption("broadcast", "false");
+			// bootstrap.setOption("sendBufferSize", 512);
+			// bootstrap.setOption("receiveBufferSize", 512);
+
+			ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(this.serverAddress);
+			future.awaitUninterruptibly(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+			if (future.isSuccess() == false) {
+				future.getCause().printStackTrace();
+			}
+			future.getChannel().getCloseFuture().awaitUninterruptibly();
+		} finally {
+			factory.releaseExternalResources();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
+		System.out.println("DNSClient#channelConnected");
+		System.out.printf("Local %s | Remote %s\n", e.getChannel()
+				.getLocalAddress(), e.getChannel().getRemoteAddress());
+		ChannelBuffer buffer = ChannelBuffers.buffer(512);
+		this.request.write(buffer);
+		this.time = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		e.getChannel().write(buffer);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
+		System.out.println("DNSClient#messageReceived");
+		System.out.println(e.getChannel().getLocalAddress() + " | "
+				+ e.getChannel().getRemoteAddress());
+		this.time = System.currentTimeMillis() - this.time;
+		ChannelBuffer buffer = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage();
+		DNSMessage msg = new DNSMessage(buffer);
+		printResult(this.time, msg);
+		e.getChannel().close();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
+		e.getCause().printStackTrace();
+		e.getChannel().close();
+	}
+
+	protected String formatMessage(long time, DNSMessage msg) {
+		StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+		stb.append(msg.header());
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		stb.append(";; QUESTION SECTION:");
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		for (ResourceRecord rr : msg.question()) {
+			stb.append(';');
+			int i = stb.length();
+			stb.append(rr.name().toString());
+			StringUtil.padRight(stb, ' ', i + 30);
+			stb.append(' ');
+			stb.append(rr.dnsClass().name());
+			stb.append(' ');
+			stb.append(rr.type().name());
+			stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		}
+
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		append(stb, ";; ANSWER SECTION:", msg.answer());
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		append(stb, ";; AUTHORITY SECTION:", msg.authority());
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		append(stb, ";; ADDITIONAL SECTION:", msg.additional());
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+
+		stb.append(";; Query time: ");
+		stb.append(time);
+		stb.append(" msec");
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		stb.append(";; Server: ");
+		stb.append(this.serverAddress);
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		stb.append(";; When: ");
+		stb.append(DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance().format(new Date()));
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		stb.append(";; Message size: ");
+		stb.append(msg.messageSize());
+		stb.append(" bytes");
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		return stb.toString();
+	}
+
+	protected void append(StringBuilder stb, String name, List<ResourceRecord> list) {
+		stb.append(name);
+		stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+		if (list != null) {
+			for (ResourceRecord rr : list) {
+				stb.append(rr.toString());
+				if (rr.type().equals(RRType.WKS)) {
+					append(stb, (WKSRecord) rr);
+				}
+				stb.append(LINE_SEP);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void append(StringBuilder stb, WKSRecord record) {
+		stb.append(' ');
+		stb.append(this.wkProtocols.find(record.protocol()));
+		stb.append(' ');
+		this.wkPortNumbers.appendServices(record, stb);
+	}
+
+	protected void printResult(long time, DNSMessage msg) {
+		System.out.println(formatMessage(time, msg));
+	}
+
+	protected void printHelp() {
+		// TODO print help message.
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/aaaa/DNSServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.aaaa;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.ServerConfigurationImpl;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory;
+import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Disposable;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Initializable;
+
+public class DNSServer implements Initializable, Disposable {
+
+	protected static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DNSServer.class);
+
+	protected ServerConfiguration config;
+	protected ChannelFactory serverChannelFactory;
+	protected ChannelFactory clientChannelFactory;
+	protected ConnectionlessBootstrap bootstrap;
+	protected ChannelGroup group;
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+		ServerConfiguration conf = parseArgs(args);
+		final DNSServer server = new DNSServer(conf);
+		server.initialize();
+		Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
+			@Override
+			public void run() {
+				server.dispose();
+			}
+		});
+
+		server.process();
+	}
+
+	public static ServerConfiguration parseArgs(String[] args) throws Exception {
+		ServerConfigurationImpl config = new ServerConfigurationImpl();
+
+		URL from = null;
+		if ((args != null) && (0 < args.length)) {
+			from = readFrom(args[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (from == null) {
+			from = readFrom("named.yml");
+		}
+
+		if (from == null) {
+			LOG.info("read named.default.yml from ClassLoader");
+			ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+			from = cl.getResource("named.default.yml");
+		}
+
+		if (from == null) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("configuration file is not found.");
+		}
+		config.load(from);
+		return config;
+	}
+
+	public static URL readFrom(String path) throws MalformedURLException {
+		File f = new File(path);
+		LOG.info("read from {}", f.getAbsolutePath());
+		if (f.exists()) {
+			if (f.canRead()) {
+				return f.toURI().toURL();
+			} else {
+				LOG.info("{} cannot read", f.getAbsolutePath());
+			}
+		} else {
+			LOG.info("{} is not exists", f.getAbsolutePath());
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	public DNSServer(ServerConfiguration config) {
+		this.config = config;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void initialize() {
+		LOG.debug(Markers.LIFECYCLE, "initialize server");
+		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(this.config.getThreadPoolSize());
+
+		// TODO need TCP?
+		this.clientChannelFactory = new NioDatagramChannelFactory(executor);
+
+		// TODO TCP and/or UDP
+		this.serverChannelFactory = new NioDatagramChannelFactory(executor);
+
+		ChannelPipelineFactory pipelineFactory = new DNSServerPipelineFactory(this.config, this.clientChannelFactory);
+
+		this.bootstrap = new ConnectionlessBootstrap(this.serverChannelFactory);
+		this.bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(pipelineFactory);
+
+		this.group = new DefaultChannelGroup();
+	}
+
+	public void process() {
+		for (SocketAddress sa : this.config.getBindingHosts()) {
+			LOG.info(Markers.BOUNDARY, "binding {}", sa);
+			this.group.add(this.bootstrap.bind(sa));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void dispose() {
+		try {
+			this.group.close().awaitUninterruptibly();
+		} finally {
+			dispose(this.clientChannelFactory);
+			dispose(this.serverChannelFactory);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void dispose(ExternalResourceReleasable releasable) {
+		try {
+			releasable.releaseExternalResources();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			LOG.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/aaaa/DNSServerPipelineFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.aaaa;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.DNSMessageDecoder;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
+
+public class DNSServerPipelineFactory implements ChannelPipelineFactory {
+
+	protected ServerConfiguration config;
+	protected ChannelFactory clientChannelFactory;
+
+	protected DNSMessageDecoder decoder = new DNSMessageDecoder();
+
+	public DNSServerPipelineFactory(ServerConfiguration config, ChannelFactory clientChannelFactory) {
+		this.config = config;
+		this.clientChannelFactory = clientChannelFactory;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
+		ChannelPipeline result = Channels.pipeline();
+		result.addLast("decoder", this.decoder);
+		result.addLast("fowarder", new ForwardingHandler(this.config, this.clientChannelFactory));
+		return result;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/aaaa/ForwardingHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.aaaa;
+
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class ForwardingHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ForwardingHandler.class);
+
+	protected ServerConfiguration config;
+	protected ChannelFactory clientChannelFactory;
+
+	public ForwardingHandler(ServerConfiguration config, ChannelFactory clientChannelFactory) {
+		this.config = config;
+		this.clientChannelFactory = clientChannelFactory;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, final MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
+		final DNSMessage original = DNSMessage.class.cast(e.getMessage());
+
+		ClientBootstrap cb = new ClientBootstrap(this.clientChannelFactory);
+		cb.setOption("broadcast", "false");
+
+		cb.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
+			@Override
+			public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
+				return Channels.pipeline(new ClientHanler(original, e.getChannel(), e.getRemoteAddress()));
+			}
+		});
+
+		List<SocketAddress> newlist = new ArrayList<SocketAddress>(this.config.getForwarders());
+		sendRequest(e, original, cb, newlist);
+	}
+
+	protected void sendRequest(final MessageEvent e, final DNSMessage original,
+			                   final ClientBootstrap bootstrap,
+			                   final List<SocketAddress> forwarders) {
+
+		if (0 < forwarders.size()) {
+			SocketAddress sa = forwarders.remove(0);
+			LOG.debug("send to {}", sa);
+
+			ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(sa);
+			ChannelBuffer newone = ChannelBuffers.buffer(512);
+			DNSMessage msg = new DNSMessage(original);
+			msg.write(newone);
+			newone.resetReaderIndex();
+			final Channel c = f.getChannel();
+
+			if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+				LOG.debug("STATUS : [isOpen/isConnected/isWritable {}] {} {}",
+						new Object[] {
+								new boolean[] { c.isOpen(), c.isConnected(), c.isWritable() }, c.getRemoteAddress(), c.getClass() });
+			}
+
+			c.write(newone, sa).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+				@Override
+				public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future)
+						throws Exception {
+					LOG.debug("request complete isSuccess : {}",
+							future.isSuccess());
+					if (future.isSuccess() == false) {
+						if (0 < forwarders.size()) {
+							sendRequest(e, original, bootstrap, forwarders);
+						} else {
+							original.header().rcode(RCode.ServFail);
+							ChannelBuffer buffer = ChannelBuffers.buffer(512);
+							original.write(buffer);
+							// close inbound channel
+							e.getChannel().write(buffer)
+									.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			});
+
+			// f.awaitUninterruptibly(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
+		LOG.error("ForwardingHandler#exceptionCaught");
+		Throwable t = e.getCause();
+		LOG.error(t.getMessage(), t);
+	}
+
+	protected class ClientHanler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {
+
+		protected DNSMessage original;
+		protected Channel originalChannel;
+		protected SocketAddress originalAddress;
+
+		public ClientHanler(DNSMessage msg, Channel c, SocketAddress sa) {
+			this.original = msg;
+			this.originalChannel = c;
+			this.originalAddress = sa;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, final MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
+			LOG.debug("ClientHanler#messageReceived");
+			ChannelBuffer buffer = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage();
+			DNSMessage msg = new DNSMessage(buffer);
+			msg.header().id(this.original.header().id());
+
+			ChannelBuffer newone = ChannelBuffers.buffer(buffer.capacity());
+			msg.write(newone);
+			newone.resetReaderIndex();
+
+			this.originalChannel.write(newone, this.originalAddress)
+					.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+						@Override
+						public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future)
+								throws Exception {
+							e.getChannel().close();
+						}
+					});
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
+			LOG.error("ClientHanler#exceptionCaught");
+			Throwable t = e.getCause();
+			LOG.error(t.getMessage(), t);
+			e.getFuture().setFailure(t);
+			e.getChannel().close();
+		}
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/client/WKPortNumbers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.client;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.WKSRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.ClassUtil;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Streams;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+/**
+ * <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers">PORT NUMBERS</a>
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class WKPortNumbers {
+
+	public static final String UNKNOWN_PORT = "unknown";
+	public static final String PATH = ClassUtil.toPackagePath(WKPortNumbers.class) + "/PortNumbers.txt";
+
+	protected static final Set<String> skipWords = new HashSet<String>();
+	static {
+		skipWords.add("Reserved");
+		skipWords.add("Unassigned");
+		skipWords.add("Discard");
+	}
+
+	protected Map<Integer, String> ports = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
+	protected Map<String, Integer> keywords = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+
+	public WKPortNumbers() {}
+
+	public void load() {
+		load(PATH);
+	}
+
+	public void load(String path) {
+        try {
+            InputStream fin = getClass().getResource("/" + path).openStream();
+            load(fin);
+
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Resource '" + path + "' was not found");
+        }
+	}
+
+	public void load(final InputStream in) {
+		new Streams.using<BufferedReader, Exception>() {
+
+			@Override
+			public BufferedReader open() throws Exception {
+				return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void handle(BufferedReader stream) throws Exception {
+				WKPortNumbers.this.parse(stream);
+
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void happen(Exception exception) {
+				throw new IllegalStateException(exception);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected void parse(BufferedReader br) throws IOException {
+		while (br.ready()) {
+			parse(br.readLine());
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void parse(String line) {
+		if (line.startsWith("#")) {
+			return;
+		}
+		String[] ary = line.split("\\p{Space}+");
+		if ((ary.length < 3) || skipWords.contains(ary[2])) {
+			return;
+		}
+		int index = ary[1].indexOf('/');
+		String port = ary[1].substring(0, index);
+		add(Integer.valueOf(port), ary[0]);
+	}
+
+	public void add(Integer port, String keyword) {
+		this.ports.put(port, keyword);
+		this.keywords.put(keyword, port);
+	}
+
+	public String find(Integer port) {
+		if (port == null) {
+			return UNKNOWN_PORT;
+		}
+		String keyword = this.ports.get(port);
+		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(keyword)) {
+			return UNKNOWN_PORT;
+		}
+		return keyword;
+	}
+
+	public Integer find(String keyword) {
+		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(keyword)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return this.keywords.get(keyword.toLowerCase());
+	}
+
+	static final Pattern isDigit = Pattern.compile("\\d+");
+
+	public void setServices(WKSRecord record, String[] services) {
+		List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+		for (String s : services) {
+			if (isDigit.matcher(s).matches()) {
+				list.add(Integer.valueOf(s));
+			} else {
+				Integer i = find(s);
+				if (i != null) {
+					list.add(i);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		int[] ary = new int[list.size()];
+		for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+			ary[i] = list.get(i);
+		}
+		WKPortNumbers.setServices(record, ary);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 3.4.2. WKS RDATA format
+	 * 
+	 * @param record
+	 * @param services
+	 */
+	public static void setServices(WKSRecord record, int[] services) {
+		Arrays.sort(services);
+		int last = services[services.length - 1];
+		byte[] bitmap = new byte[last / 8 + 1];
+		for (int i : services) {
+			bitmap[i / 8] |= (1 << (7 - i % 8));
+		}
+		record.bitmap(bitmap);
+	}
+
+	protected List<Integer> getServices(WKSRecord record) {
+		byte[] bitmap = record.bitmap();
+		List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+		for (int i = 0, length = bitmap.length; i < length; i++) {
+			int octets = bitmap[i] & 0xFF;
+			for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+				if ((octets & (1 << (7 - j))) != 0) {
+					result.add(Integer.valueOf(i * 8 + j));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public void appendServices(WKSRecord record, StringBuilder stb) {
+		for (Integer i : getServices(record)) {
+			stb.append(find(i));
+			stb.append(' ');
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/client/WKProtocols.java

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.client;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.ClassUtil;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Streams;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.XMLEventParser;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.XMLEventParser.DefaultHandler;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/">Protocol
+ * Numbers</a>
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ * 
+ */
+public class WKProtocols {
+
+	public static final String UNKNOWN_PROTOCOL = "UNKNOWN";
+	public static final String PATH = ClassUtil.toPackagePath(WKProtocols.class) + "/ProtocolNumbers.xml";
+
+	protected Map<Short, String> protocols = new HashMap<Short, String>();
+
+	public WKProtocols() {
+	}
+
+	public void load() {
+		load(PATH);
+	}
+
+	public void load(String path) {
+        try {
+            InputStream fin = getClass().getResource("/" + path).openStream();
+            load(fin);
+
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Resource '" + path + "' was not found");
+        }
+	}
+
+	public void load(final InputStream in) {
+		new Streams.using<BufferedInputStream, Exception>() {
+
+			@Override
+			public BufferedInputStream open() throws Exception {
+				return new BufferedInputStream(in);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void handle(BufferedInputStream stream) throws Exception {
+				XMLEventParser parser = new XMLEventParser(stream);
+				parser.add(new DefaultHandler("registry"));
+				parser.add(new RecordHandler());
+				parser.parse();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void happen(Exception exception) {
+				throw new IllegalStateException(exception);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	class Record {
+		String value;
+		String name;
+	}
+
+	public class RecordHandler extends DefaultHandler {
+		Pattern isDigit = Pattern.compile("\\p{Digit}+");
+
+		public RecordHandler() {
+			super("record");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(XMLStreamReader reader) throws XMLStreamException {
+			XMLEventParser parser = new XMLEventParser(reader);
+			Record r = new Record();
+			parser.add(new ValueHandler(r));
+			parser.add(new NameHandler(r));
+			parser.parse(getTagName());
+			if (this.isDigit.matcher(r.value).matches()) {
+				WKProtocols.this.add(Short.valueOf(r.value), r.name);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public class ValueHandler extends DefaultHandler {
+		Record r;
+
+		public ValueHandler(Record r) {
+			super("value");
+			this.r = r;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(XMLStreamReader reader) throws XMLStreamException {
+			this.r.value = reader.getElementText();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public class NameHandler extends DefaultHandler {
+		Record r;
+
+		public NameHandler(Record r) {
+			super("name");
+			this.r = r;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(XMLStreamReader reader) throws XMLStreamException {
+			this.r.name = reader.getElementText();
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void add(Short value, String name) {
+		this.protocols.put(value, name);
+	}
+
+	public String find(short ubyte) {
+		String s = this.protocols.get(ubyte);
+		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(s)) {
+			return UNKNOWN_PROTOCOL;
+		}
+		return s;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/DefaultNameServerContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl.DefaultChainExecutor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainer;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainerProvider;
+
+public
+class DefaultNameServerContainer implements NameServerContainer {
+
+    protected Chain<List<String>, ChainResult> executor;
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String name() {
+        return NameServerContainerProvider.DEFAULT_NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    List<String> nameservers() {
+        List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
+        this.executor.execute(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void initialize() {
+        // FIXME this code run only sun JRE.
+        // find from IBM JDK. JRockit.
+        DefaultChainExecutor<List<String>, ChainResult> dce = new DefaultChainExecutor<List<String>, ChainResult>();
+        dce.add(new SystemProperties());
+        dce.add(new SunJRE());
+        dce.add(new ResolvConf());
+        this.executor = dce;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void dispose() {
+        // do nothing.
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/MasterDataHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+public interface MasterDataHandler {
+	// lifecycle methods
+	void initialize(ServerConfiguration conf);
+
+	void commit();
+
+	void rollback();
+
+	void dispose();
+
+	// directives
+	// void do$origin(Name origin);
+
+	// process parser
+	// void do$include(String line);
+
+	// void do$ttl(long ttl);
+
+	// void do$unknown(String line);
+
+	void add(ResourceRecord record);
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/MasterDataResource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+public interface MasterDataResource {
+
+	void initialize(ServerConfiguration conf);
+
+	void process(MasterDataHandler processor);
+
+	void dispose();
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/NodeToAddress.java

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Constants;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.AddressUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.DefaultHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.SequenceHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlNodeHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.MappingNode;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.NodeId;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.NodeTuple;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.ScalarNode;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * convert Node to Address
+ * </p>
+ * you can use following examples.
+ * <p>
+ * <blockquote>
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * #sequence to addresses
+ *   - address : 127.0.0.1
+ *     port : 53
+ *   - 127.0.0.1 : 53
+ *   - 127.0.0.1:53
+ *  #mapping to address
+ *   127.0.0.1 : 53
+ *   address : 127.0.0.1
+ *   port : 53
+ *  #scalar to address
+ *    127.0.0.1:53
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * </blockquote>
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class NodeToAddress extends DefaultHandler<Set<SocketAddress>> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NodeToAddress.class);
+
+	Map<NodeId, YamlNodeHandler<Set<SocketAddress>>> converters = new HashMap<NodeId, YamlNodeHandler<Set<SocketAddress>>>();
+
+	public NodeToAddress() {
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.scalar, new ScalarToAddress());
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.mapping, new MappingToAddress());
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.sequence, new SequenceHandler<Set<SocketAddress>>(this));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void handle(Node node, Set<SocketAddress> context) {
+		YamlNodeHandler<Set<SocketAddress>> handler = this.converters.get(node
+				.getNodeId());
+		if (handler == null) {
+			LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.UnsupportedNode, node);
+		} else {
+			handler.handle(node, context);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class ScalarToAddress extends DefaultHandler<Set<SocketAddress>> {
+		protected int defaultPort = Constants.DEFAULT_PORT;
+
+		public ScalarToAddress() {
+		}
+
+		public ScalarToAddress(int port) {
+			this.defaultPort = port;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(Node node, Set<SocketAddress> context) {
+			if (node instanceof ScalarNode) {
+				ScalarNode sn = (ScalarNode) node;
+				SocketAddress addr = AddressUtil.convertTo(sn.getValue(), this.defaultPort);
+				if (addr != null) {
+					context.add(addr);
+				} else {
+					LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.InvalidAddressFormat,
+							sn.getValue());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class MappingToAddress extends DefaultHandler<Set<SocketAddress>> {
+
+		protected int defaultPort = Constants.DEFAULT_PORT;
+
+		public MappingToAddress() {
+		}
+
+		public MappingToAddress(int port) {
+			this.defaultPort = port;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(Node node, Set<SocketAddress> context) {
+			if (node instanceof MappingNode) {
+				MappingNode mn = (MappingNode) node;
+				String[] ary = new String[2];
+				for (NodeTuple nt : mn.getValue()) {
+					String key = YamlUtil.getStringValue(nt.getKeyNode());
+					String value = YamlUtil.getStringValue(nt.getValueNode());
+					if ("address".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
+						ary[0] = value;
+					} else if ("port".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
+						ary[1] = value;
+					} else {
+						ary[0] = key;
+						ary[1] = value;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (StringUtil.isEmpty(ary[0]) == false) {
+					SocketAddress addr = AddressUtil.convertTo(ary[0],
+							AddressUtil.toInt(ary[1], this.defaultPort));
+					if (addr != null) {
+						context.add(addr);
+					} else {
+						LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL,
+								Messages.InvalidAddressFormat, mn.getValue());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/NodeToForwarders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Constants;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainer;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameServerContainerProvider;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.DefaultHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.SequenceHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlNodeHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.NodeId;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+public class NodeToForwarders extends DefaultHandler<ServerConfiguration> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NodeToForwarders.class);
+
+	protected NodeToAddress nodeToAddress;
+	protected Map<NodeId, YamlNodeHandler<ServerConfiguration>> converters = new HashMap<NodeId, YamlNodeHandler<ServerConfiguration>>();
+
+	public NodeToForwarders(NodeToAddress nodeToAddress) {
+		super("forwarders");
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.scalar,
+				new ScalarToForwarders(nodeToAddress));
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.sequence,
+				new SequenceHandler<ServerConfiguration>(this));
+		this.converters.put(NodeId.mapping, new MappingToForwarders(
+				nodeToAddress));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void handle(Node node, ServerConfiguration context) {
+		YamlNodeHandler<ServerConfiguration> handler = this.converters.get(node.getNodeId());
+		if (handler == null) {
+			LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.UnsupportedNode, node);
+		} else {
+			handler.handle(node, context);
+		}
+	}
+
+	static class MappingToForwarders extends
+			DefaultHandler<ServerConfiguration> {
+		NodeToAddress nodeToAddress;
+
+		public MappingToForwarders(NodeToAddress nodeToAddress) {
+			this.nodeToAddress = nodeToAddress;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(Node node, ServerConfiguration context) {
+			this.nodeToAddress.handle(node, context.getForwarders());
+		}
+	}
+
+	static class ScalarToForwarders extends DefaultHandler<ServerConfiguration> {
+		NodeToAddress nodeToAddress;
+		Pattern isAutoDetect = Pattern.compile("auto[_]?detect",
+				Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+
+		public ScalarToForwarders(NodeToAddress nodeToAddress) {
+			this.nodeToAddress = nodeToAddress;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void handle(Node node, ServerConfiguration context) {
+			String value = YamlUtil.getStringValue(node);
+			if ((StringUtil.isEmpty(value) == false)
+					&& this.isAutoDetect.matcher(value).matches()) {
+				NameServerContainerProvider provider = new NameServerContainerProvider();
+				provider.initialize();
+				NameServerContainer container = provider.getContainer();
+				container.initialize();
+				for (String s : container.nameservers()) {
+					LOG.info(Markers.BOUNDARY,
+							Messages.DetectedForwardingServer, s);
+					context.getForwarders().add(new InetSocketAddress(s,
+							Constants.DEFAULT_PORT));
+				}
+			} else {
+				this.nodeToAddress.handle(node, context.getForwarders());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/ResolvConf.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl.SimpleChainResult;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Streams;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+public
+class ResolvConf implements Chain<List<String>, ChainResult> {
+
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ResolvConf.class);
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    ChainResult execute(List<String> context) {
+        handle("/etc/resolv.conf", context);
+        return SimpleChainResult.Continue;
+    }
+
+    protected
+    void handle(String path, final List<String> list) {
+        final File file = new File(path);
+        if (file.exists()) {
+            new Streams.using<BufferedReader, Exception>() {
+                @Override
+                public
+                BufferedReader open() throws Exception {
+                    return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public
+                void handle(BufferedReader stream) throws Exception {
+                    while (stream.ready()) {
+                        parse(stream.readLine(), list);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public
+                void happen(Exception e) {
+                    LOG.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected
+    void parse(String line, List<String> list) {
+        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(line) == false) {
+            String[] ary = line.split("\\s");
+            if ((1 < ary.length) && ary[0].equalsIgnoreCase("nameserver")) {
+                list.add(ary[1]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/ServerConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public interface ServerConfiguration {
+
+    Set<SocketAddress> getBindingHosts();
+
+    int getThreadPoolSize();
+
+    Set<SocketAddress> getForwarders();
+
+    void setThreadPoolSize(int threadPoolSize);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/ServerConfigurationImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Zone;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.AddressUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.DefaultHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.MappingHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlNodeAccepter;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlNodeHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.yaml.YamlUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.Streams;
+
+public class ServerConfigurationImpl implements ServerConfiguration {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
+			.getLogger(ServerConfigurationImpl.class);
+
+	protected Set<SocketAddress> bindingHosts = new HashSet<SocketAddress>();
+
+	protected Set<SocketAddress> forwarders = new HashSet<SocketAddress>();
+
+	protected List<Zone> zones = new ArrayList<Zone>();
+
+	protected int threadPoolSize = 10;
+
+	public ServerConfigurationImpl() {
+	}
+
+	public void load(final URL url) {
+		new Streams.using<BufferedInputStream, Exception>() {
+			@Override
+			public BufferedInputStream open() throws Exception {
+				return new BufferedInputStream(url.openStream());
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void handle(BufferedInputStream stream) throws Exception {
+				load(stream);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void happen(Exception exception) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(exception);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	public void load(InputStream in) {
+		YamlNodeHandler<ServerConfiguration> root = createRootHandler();
+		YamlNodeAccepter<ServerConfiguration> accepter = new YamlNodeAccepter<ServerConfiguration>(
+				root);
+		accepter.accept(in, this);
+	}
+
+	protected YamlNodeHandler<ServerConfiguration> createRootHandler() {
+		MappingHandler<ServerConfiguration> root = new MappingHandler<ServerConfiguration>();
+		final NodeToAddress node2addr = new NodeToAddress();
+		root.add(new DefaultHandler<ServerConfiguration>("bindingHosts") {
+			@Override
+			public void handle(Node node, ServerConfiguration context) {
+				node2addr.handle(node, context.getBindingHosts());
+			}
+		});
+		root.add(new NodeToForwarders(node2addr));
+		// TODO logging
+		root.add(new DefaultHandler<ServerConfiguration>("threadPoolSize") {
+			@Override
+			public void handle(Node node, ServerConfiguration conf) {
+				String value = YamlUtil.getStringValue(node);
+				conf.setThreadPoolSize(AddressUtil.toInt(value, 10));
+			}
+		});
+		return root;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+    public Set<SocketAddress> getBindingHosts() {
+		return this.bindingHosts;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+    public int getThreadPoolSize() {
+		return this.threadPoolSize;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+    public Set<SocketAddress> getForwarders() {
+		return this.forwarders;
+	}
+
+    @Override
+    public void setThreadPoolSize(int threadPoolSize) {
+        this.threadPoolSize = threadPoolSize;
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/SunJRE.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl.SimpleChainResult;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class SunJRE implements Chain<List<String>, ChainResult> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SunJRE.class);
+
+	@Override
+	public ChainResult execute(List<String> context) {
+		try {
+			Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("sun.net.dns.ResolverConfiguration");
+			Method open = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("open");
+			Method nameservers = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("nameservers");
+			Object conf = open.invoke(null);
+			Object maybelist = nameservers.invoke(conf);
+			for (Object o : List.class.cast(maybelist)) {
+				context.add(o.toString());
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			LOG.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
+		}
+		return SimpleChainResult.Continue;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/SystemProperties.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.Chain;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.ChainResult;
+import org.handwerkszeug.chain.impl.SimpleChainResult;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Constants;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+public class SystemProperties implements Chain<List<String>, ChainResult> {
+
+	@Override
+	public ChainResult execute(List<String> context) {
+		String servers = System.getProperty(Constants.SYSTEM_PROPERTY_NAMESERVERS);
+		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(servers) == false) {
+			for (String s : servers.split(",")) {
+				context.add(s);
+			}
+		}
+		return SimpleChainResult.Continue;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/TODO

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RFC4741 NETCONF Configuration Protocol
+RFC5381 Experience of Implementing NETCONF over SOAP
+
+そのものを利用する事は無くても、方向性として考慮する必要はありそう。
+ここに書いてある程度の事は出来なければ、別解を用意する意味は無い。

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/masterfile/MasterFileParser.java

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.masterfile;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.MasterDataHandler;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.MasterDataResource;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.masterfile.Partition.PartitionType;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.FileUtil;
+
+/**
+ * RFC1035 5. MASTER FILES
+ * 
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class MasterFileParser implements MasterDataResource {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MasterFileParser.class);
+
+	static final int MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH = 10; // TODO from configuration ?
+
+	final Partitioner partitioner;
+
+	ServerConfiguration conf;
+
+	Name origin;
+	long ttl;
+
+	IncludeContext includeContext;
+
+	int currentLine = 1; // TODO for error messages.
+
+	class IncludeContext {
+		int includeDepth = 0;
+		Set<String> includedPath = new HashSet<String>();
+	}
+
+	public MasterFileParser(String origin, File master) {
+		this(origin, FileUtil.open(master));
+		this.includeContext.includedPath.add(master.getAbsolutePath());
+	}
+
+	public MasterFileParser(String origin, InputStream in) {
+		this.includeContext = new IncludeContext();
+		this.partitioner = new Partitioner(in);
+		this.origin = new Name(origin);
+	}
+
+	protected MasterFileParser(Name origin, File file, IncludeContext context) {
+		this.includeContext = context;
+		this.partitioner = new Partitioner(FileUtil.open(file));
+		this.origin = origin;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void initialize(ServerConfiguration conf) {
+		notNull(conf, "conf");
+		if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			LOG.info("initialize");
+		}
+		this.conf = conf;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void dispose() {
+		if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			LOG.info("dispose");
+		}
+		this.partitioner.close();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void process(MasterDataHandler handler) {
+		notNull(handler, "processor");
+		try {
+			handler.initialize(this.conf);
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			handler.rollback();
+			throw e;
+		} finally {
+			handler.dispose();
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void internalProcess(MasterDataHandler handler) {
+		Name currentName = null;
+		long currentTTL = 0L;
+		DNSClass currentClass = DNSClass.IN;
+
+		while (true) {
+			Iterator<Partition> line = readLine();
+			if (line.hasNext()) {
+				break;
+			}
+			Partition first = line.next();
+
+			if (isDirective(first)) {
+				String directive = first.getString().toUpperCase();
+				if ("$INCLUDE".equals(directive)) {
+					String path = null;
+					Name newOrigin = this.origin;
+					if (line.hasNext()) {
+						path = line.next().getString();
+					} else {
+						// TODO parser error
+						throw new IllegalStateException();
+					}
+					if (line.hasNext()) {
+						String s = line.next().getString();
+						newOrigin = new Name(s);
+					}
+					processInclude(path, newOrigin, handler);
+				} else if ("$ORIGIN".equals(directive)) {
+					if (line.hasNext()) {
+						String origin = line.next().getString();
+						this.origin = new Name(origin);
+					}
+				} else if ("$TTL".equals(directive)) {
+					if (line.hasNext()) {
+						String num = line.next().getString();
+						if (isTTL(num)) {
+							this.ttl = Long.parseLong(num);
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					LOG.warn("unknown directive {}", directive);
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (first.type().equals(PartitionType.Default)) {
+				currentName = new Name(first.getString());
+			}
+			if (line.hasNext()) {
+				String second = line.next().getString();
+				// ttl class type
+				// ttl type
+				// class ttl type
+				// class type
+				// type
+				if (isTTL(second)) {
+					currentTTL = Long.parseLong(second);
+					if (line.hasNext()) {
+						String third = line.next().getString();
+						if (isDNSClass(third)) {
+
+						} else if (isRRType(third)) {
+
+						} else {
+							// TODO parser error
+						}
+					} else {
+						// TODO parser error
+					}
+				} else if (isDNSClass(second)) {
+					currentClass = DNSClass.valueOf(second.toUpperCase());
+				} else if (isRRType(second)) {
+					RRType type = RRType.valueOf(second.toUpperCase());
+				} else {
+					// TODO parser error.
+				}
+			} else {
+				// TODO parser error
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void processInclude(String path, Name origin,
+			MasterDataHandler handler) {
+		if (MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH < ++this.includeContext.includeDepth) {
+			// TODO error message.
+			throw new IllegalStateException();
+		}
+		File file = new File(path);
+		if (this.includeContext.includedPath.add(file.getAbsolutePath()) == false) {
+			// TODO error message. cyclic include.
+			throw new IllegalStateException();
+		}
+
+		MasterFileParser newone = new MasterFileParser(origin, file,
+				this.includeContext);
+		try {
+			newone.initialize(this.conf);
+			newone.process(handler);
+		} finally {
+			newone.dispose();
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected Iterator<Partition> readLine() {
+		// 改行のみ 空白のみ コメントのみ は読み飛ばす。
+		// 先頭のWhitespaceは読み飛ばさないが、他のWhitespaceは読み飛ばす。
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	protected boolean isDirective(Partition p) {
+		byte[] b = p.division();
+		return b != null && 0 < b.length && b[0] == '$';
+	}
+
+	protected boolean isWhitespace(Partition p) {
+		return PartitionType.Whitespace.equals(p.type());
+	}
+
+	protected boolean isTTL(String p) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	protected boolean isDNSClass(String p) {
+		DNSClass dc = DNSClass.find(p);
+		return dc != null;
+	}
+
+	protected boolean isRRType(String p) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/masterfile/Partition.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.masterfile;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class Partition {
+	public enum PartitionType {
+		Default, Quoted, LP, RP, Comment, Whitespace, EOL, EOF
+    }
+
+	public static final Partition EOF = new Partition(PartitionType.EOF);
+
+	public static final Partition EOL = new Partition(PartitionType.EOL);
+
+	public static final Partition LP = new Partition(PartitionType.LP);
+
+	public static final Partition RP = new Partition(PartitionType.RP);
+
+	final PartitionType type;
+	final byte[] division;
+
+	public Partition(PartitionType type) {
+		this(type, null);
+	}
+
+	public Partition(PartitionType type, byte[] buffer) {
+		this.type = type;
+		this.division = buffer;
+	}
+
+	public PartitionType type() {
+		return this.type;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] division() {
+		return this.division;
+	}
+
+	public String getString() {
+		return new String(this.division);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+		final int prime = 31;
+		int result = 1;
+		result = prime * result
+				+ ((this.type == null) ? 0 : this.type.hashCode());
+		result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode(this.division);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+		if (this == obj) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (obj == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		Partition other = (Partition) obj;
+		if (this.type != other.type) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (!Arrays.equals(this.division, other.division)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+		stb.append("[");
+		stb.append(this.type);
+		stb.append("]");
+		if (this.division != null) {
+			stb.append("<");
+			stb.append(new String(this.division));
+			stb.append(">");
+		}
+		return stb.toString();
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/conf/masterfile/Partitioner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.masterfile;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.conf.masterfile.Partition.PartitionType;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+
+public class Partitioner {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Partitioner.class);
+
+	final InputStream source;
+
+	static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 2000;
+	protected ByteBuf working;
+	protected Partition next;
+
+	public Partitioner(InputStream in) {
+		this(in, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	}
+
+	public Partitioner(InputStream in, int size) {
+		this.source = in;
+		this.working = Unpooled.buffer(size);
+	}
+
+	public Partition partition() {
+		Partition result = this.next;
+		if (result != null) {
+			this.next = null;
+			return result;
+		}
+		while (true) {
+			byte ch = readByte();
+			if (ch == -1) {
+				if (0 < this.working.readerIndex()) {
+					result = makePartition(PartitionType.Default, 0);
+					discardBefore(0);
+				} else {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (ch == '\r') {
+				byte n = readByte();
+				if (n == '\n') {
+					if (this.working.readerIndex() < 3) {
+						this.working.discardReadBytes();
+						return Partition.EOL;
+					}
+					this.next = Partition.EOL;
+					result = makePartition(PartitionType.Default, 2);
+					discardBefore(0);
+				} else {
+					this.working.readerIndex(this.working.readerIndex() - 1);
+				}
+			}
+			if (ch == '\n') {
+				if (this.working.readerIndex() < 2) {
+					this.working.discardReadBytes();
+					return Partition.EOL;
+				}
+				this.next = Partition.EOL;
+				result = makePartition(PartitionType.Default, 1);
+				discardBefore(0);
+			}
+
+			if (ch == ';') {
+				result = readTo(partitionBefore(), PartitionType.Comment, '\n');
+			}
+
+			if (ch == '(') {
+				result = currentOrNext(partitionBefore(), Partition.LP);
+			}
+			if (ch == ')') {
+				result = currentOrNext(partitionBefore(), Partition.RP);
+			}
+
+			if ((ch == '"')) {
+				result = readTo(partitionBefore(), PartitionType.Quoted, '"');
+			}
+
+			if (((ch == ' ') || (ch == '\t'))) {
+				result = partitionBefore();
+				int begin = this.working.readerIndex() - 1;
+				while (true) {
+					byte c = readByte();
+					if ((c != ' ') && (c != '\t')) {
+						int end = this.working.readerIndex() - 1;
+						Partition ws = makePartition(PartitionType.Whitespace,
+								begin, end);
+						result = currentOrNext(result, ws, 1);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (result != null) {
+				return result;
+			}
+		}
+		return Partition.EOF;
+	}
+
+	protected Partition currentOrNext(Partition before, Partition p) {
+		return currentOrNext(before, p, 0);
+	}
+
+	protected Partition currentOrNext(Partition before, Partition p, int discard) {
+		Partition result = before;
+		if (before == null) {
+			result = p;
+		} else {
+			this.next = p;
+		}
+		discardBefore(discard);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	protected Partition readTo(Partition back, PartitionType type, char stop) {
+		Partition result = back;
+		int begin = this.working.readerIndex() - 1;
+		while (true) {
+			byte c = readByte();
+			if ((c == stop) || (c == -1)) {
+				int end = this.working.readerIndex();
+				Partition p = makePartition(type, begin, end);
+				result = currentOrNext(back, p);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	protected byte readByte() {
+		try {
+			if (this.working.isReadable() == false) {
+				if (0 < this.source.available()) {
+					this.working.writeBytes(this.source, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (this.working.isReadable()) {
+				return this.working.readByte();
+			}
+			return -1;
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected Partition makePartition(PartitionType type, int begin, int end) {
+		byte[] newone = new byte[end - begin];
+		this.working.getBytes(begin, newone);
+		return new Partition(type, newone);
+	}
+
+	protected Partition makePartition(PartitionType type, int stripSize) {
+		int newsize = this.working.readerIndex() - stripSize;
+		byte[] newone = new byte[newsize];
+		this.working.getBytes(0, newone);
+		return new Partition(type, newone);
+	}
+
+	protected Partition partitionBefore() {
+		if (1 < this.working.readerIndex()) {
+			return makePartition(PartitionType.Default, 1);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	protected void discardBefore(int backSize) {
+		this.working.readerIndex(this.working.readerIndex() - backSize);
+		this.working.discardReadBytes();
+	}
+
+	public void close() {
+		try {
+			this.source.close();
+            this.working.release();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+			LOG.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/nls/Messages.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls;
+
+public class Messages {
+
+	public static String InvalidParameter = "{} needs {} but {}";
+
+	public static String ComposeNode = "compose yaml node";
+
+	public static String UnsupportedAttribute = "unsupported attribute {}";
+
+	public static String UnsupportedNode = "unsupported node {}";
+
+	public static String InvalidAddressFormat = "invalid address format {}";
+
+	public static String DetectedForwardingServer = "detected forwarding server {}";
+
+	public static String NullLabelIsNotValid = "null label is not valid";
+
+	public static String InvalidCompressionMask = "Invalid compression mask %s";
+
+	public static String LabelsMustBe63orLess = "Labels must be 63 characters or less. current input=%s";
+
+	public static String NamesMustBe255orLess = "Labels must be 255 characters or less. current size=%s";
+
+	public static String EscapedDecimalIsInvalid = "escaped decimal is invalid  value=%s";
+
+	public static String MixtureOfEscapedDigitAndNonDigit = "mixture of escaped digit and non-digit namedata=%s";
+
+	public static String InvalidEscapeSequence = "invalid escape sequence namedata=%s";
+
+	public static String StringMustBe255orLess = "String must be 255 characters or less. current length=%s";
+
+	public static String DataMustBe65535orLess = "Data must be 65535 characters or less. current length=%s";
+
+	public static String InvalidPortNumber = "invalid port number %s%n";
+
+	public static String NoResourceRecord = "%s has no resource record.";
+
+	public static String Not16bitValue = "%s is not 16bit value. current value=%s";
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/AAAARecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.AddressUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * <a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3596/">RFC3596</a>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class AAAARecord extends AbstractRecord<AAAARecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * A 128 bit IPv6 address is encoded in the data portion of an AAAA resource
+     * record in network byte order (high-order byte first).
+     */
+    protected byte[] address;
+
+    public
+    AAAARecord() {
+        super(RRType.AAAA);
+    }
+
+    public
+    AAAARecord(AAAARecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        byte[] ary = from.address;
+        if (ary != null) {
+            this.address = Arrays.copyOf(ary, ary.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        byte[] newone = new byte[16];
+        buffer.readBytes(newone);
+        this.address = newone;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeBytes(this.address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new AAAARecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(AAAARecord o) {
+        if ((this != o) && (super.compareTo(o) == 0)) {
+            return CompareUtil.compare(this.address, o.address);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        InetAddress ia = address();
+        if (ia == null) {
+            stb.append("null");
+        }
+        else {
+            stb.append(ia.getHostAddress());
+        }
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public
+    InetAddress address() {
+        try {
+            return InetAddress.getByAddress(this.address);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (0 < list.size()) {
+            String s = list.get(0);
+            if (AddressUtil.v6Address.matcher(s)
+                                     .matches()) {
+                InetAddress addr = AddressUtil.getByName(s);
+                this.address = addr.getAddress();
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    void address(Inet6Address v6address) {
+        this.address = v6address.getAddress();
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/ARecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.AddressUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.4.1. A RDATA format
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class ARecord extends AbstractRecord<ARecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * A 32 bit Internet address.
+     */
+    protected long address;
+
+    public
+    ARecord() {
+        super(RRType.A);
+    }
+
+    public
+    ARecord(ARecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.address = from.address;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.address = buffer.readUnsignedInt();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new ARecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(ARecord o) {
+        if ((this != o) && (super.compareTo(o) == 0)) {
+            return CompareUtil.compare(this.address, o.address);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = super.hashCode();
+        result = prime * result + (int) (this.address ^ (this.address >>> 32));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!super.equals(obj)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ARecord other = (ARecord) obj;
+        if (this.address != other.address) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.address()
+                       .getHostAddress());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public
+    InetAddress address() {
+        return AddressUtil.getByAddress(this.address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (0 < list.size()) {
+            String s = list.get(0);
+            if (AddressUtil.v4Address.matcher(s)
+                                     .matches()) {
+                InetAddress addr = AddressUtil.getByName(s);
+                this.address = AddressUtil.toLong(addr);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    void address(InetAddress v4address) {
+        this.address = AddressUtil.toLong(v4address);
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/AbstractRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.StringUtil;
+
+public abstract
+class AbstractRecord<T extends ResourceRecord> implements ResourceRecord, Comparable<T> {
+
+    public static byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
+
+    public static int MAX_STRING_LENGTH = 255;
+
+    protected RRType type;
+
+    protected Name name;
+
+    protected DNSClass dnsClass = DNSClass.IN;
+
+    protected long ttl;
+
+    protected int rdlength;
+
+    public
+    AbstractRecord(RRType type) {
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    public
+    AbstractRecord(AbstractRecord<T> from) {
+        this.type = from.type();
+        this.name(from.name());
+        this.dnsClass(from.dnsClass());
+        this.ttl(from.ttl());
+        this.rdlength(from.rdlength());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    RRType type() {
+        return this.type;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    Name name() {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void name(Name name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    DNSClass dnsClass() {
+        return this.dnsClass;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void dnsClass(DNSClass dnsClass) {
+        this.dnsClass = dnsClass;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    long ttl() {
+        return this.ttl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void ttl(long ttl) {
+        this.ttl = ttl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int rdlength() {
+        return this.rdlength;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void rdlength(int value) {
+        this.rdlength = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void parse(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.ttl(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+        this.rdlength(buffer.readUnsignedShort());
+
+        parseRDATA(buffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 4.1.3. Resource record format<br/>
+     * <b>RDATA</b> a variable length string of octets that describes the
+     * resource. The format of this information varies according to the TYPE and
+     * CLASS of the resource record.
+     *
+     * @param buffer
+     */
+    protected abstract
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer);
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void write(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.ttl());
+        int rdlengthIndex = buffer.writerIndex();
+        buffer.writeShort(0); // at first, write zero.
+
+        writeRDATA(buffer, compressor);
+
+        int rdlength = (buffer.writerIndex() - rdlengthIndex - 2) & 0xFFFF;
+        buffer.setShort(rdlengthIndex, rdlength);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor);
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    ResourceRecord toQnameRecord(Name qname) {
+        ResourceRecord newone = newInstance();
+        newone.name(qname);
+        return newone;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract
+    ResourceRecord newInstance();
+
+    public static
+    ResourceRecord parseSection(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        Name n = new Name(buffer);
+        RRType t = RRType.valueOf(buffer.readUnsignedShort());
+        DNSClass dc = DNSClass.valueOf(buffer.readUnsignedShort());
+        ResourceRecord result = t.newRecord();
+        result.name(n);
+        result.dnsClass(dc);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static
+    void writeSection(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor, ResourceRecord rr) {
+        rr.name()
+          .write(buffer, compressor);
+        buffer.writeShort(rr.type()
+                            .value());
+        buffer.writeShort(rr.dnsClass()
+                            .value());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 3.3. Standard RRs
+     * <p>
+     * &lt;character-string&gt; is a single length octet followed by that number
+     * of characters. &lt;character-string&gt; is treated as binary information,
+     * and can be up to 256 characters in length (including the length octet).
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param buffer
+     */
+    protected
+    byte[] readString(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        short length = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        if (MAX_STRING_LENGTH < length) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(Messages.StringMustBe255orLess, length));
+        }
+        byte[] newone = new byte[length];
+        buffer.readBytes(newone);
+        return newone;
+    }
+
+    protected
+    void writeString(ByteBuf buffer, byte[] ary) {
+        int length = ary.length;
+        buffer.writeByte(length);
+        buffer.writeBytes(ary);
+    }
+
+    protected
+    StringBuilder toQuoteString(byte[] ary) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+        result.append('"');
+        result.append(toString(ary));
+        result.append('"');
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 5.1. Format
+     *
+     * @param ary
+     */
+    protected
+    StringBuilder toString(byte[] ary) {
+        DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat("###");
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+        for (byte b : ary) {
+            int i = b & 0xFF;
+            if ((i < 0x20) || (0x7E < i)) { // control code
+                result.append('\\');
+                result.append(fmt.format(i));
+            }
+            else if ((i == '"') || (i == '\\')) {
+                result.append('\\');
+                result.append((char) i);
+            }
+            else {
+                result.append((char) i);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    protected
+    byte[] toArrayFromQuoted(String string) {
+        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(string)) {
+            return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        }
+        if (string.length() < 3) {
+            return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        }
+        return toArray(string.substring(1, string.length() - 1));
+    }
+
+    protected
+    byte[] toArray(String string) {
+        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(string)) {
+            return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        }
+        byte[] bytes = string.getBytes();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        for (int i = 0, length = bytes.length; i < length; i++) {
+            byte b = bytes[i];
+            if (b == '\\') {
+                byte next = bytes[++i];
+                if (Character.isDigit(next)) {
+                    int value = ((next - '0') * 100) + ((bytes[++i] - '0') * 10) + bytes[++i] - '0';
+                    out.write(value);
+                }
+                else {
+                    out.write(next);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                out.write(b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(T o) {
+        if (o == null) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        int result = this.type()
+                         .compareTo(o.type());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = this.name()
+                     .compareTo(o.name());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        return this.dnsClass()
+                   .compareTo(o.dnsClass());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + ((this.dnsClass == null) ? 0 : this.dnsClass.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((this.name == null) ? 0 : this.name.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + this.rdlength;
+        result = prime * result + (int) (this.ttl ^ (this.ttl >>> 32));
+        result = prime * result + ((this.type == null) ? 0 : this.type.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj instanceof AbstractRecord) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            AbstractRecord<T> other = (AbstractRecord<T>) obj;
+            return equals(other);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public
+    boolean equals(AbstractRecord<T> other) {
+        if (this.dnsClass != other.dnsClass) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this.name == null) {
+            if (other.name != null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (!this.name.equals(other.name)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this.rdlength != other.rdlength) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this.ttl != other.ttl) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this.type != other.type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(this.name()
+                       .toString());
+        StringUtil.padRight(stb, ' ', 23);
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.ttl());
+        StringUtil.padRight(stb, ' ', 31);
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.dnsClass()
+                       .name());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.type()
+                       .name());
+        StringUtil.padRight(stb, ' ', 39);
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/HINFORecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.2. HINFO RDATA format
+ * <p>
+ * <p>
+ * Standard values for CPU and OS can be found in [RFC-1010].
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class HINFORecord extends AbstractRecord<HINFORecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * A <character-string> which specifies the CPU type.
+     */
+    protected byte[] cpu;
+
+    /**
+     * A <character-string> which specifies the operating system type.
+     */
+    protected byte[] os;
+
+    public
+    HINFORecord() {
+        super(RRType.HINFO);
+    }
+
+    public
+    HINFORecord(HINFORecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        byte[] c = from.cpu;
+        if (c != null) {
+            this.cpu = Arrays.copyOf(c, c.length);
+        }
+        byte[] o = from.os;
+        if (o != null) {
+            this.os = Arrays.copyOf(o, o.length);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.cpu = readString(buffer);
+        this.os = readString(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        writeString(buffer, this.cpu);
+        writeString(buffer, this.os);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new HINFORecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(HINFORecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result == 0) {
+            result = CompareUtil.compare(this.cpu, o.cpu);
+            if (result == 0) {
+                result = CompareUtil.compare(this.os, o.os);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.cpu());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.os());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public
+    String cpu() {
+        return new String(this.cpu);
+    }
+
+    public
+    String os() {
+        return new String(this.os);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (list.size() == 2) {
+            this.cpu(list.get(0));
+            this.os(list.get(1));
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    void cpu(String cpu) {
+        this.cpu = cpu.getBytes(); // TODO encoding ?
+    }
+
+    public
+    void os(String os) {
+        this.os = os.getBytes(); // TODO encoding ?
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/MINFORecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.7. MINFO RDATA format (EXPERIMENTAL)
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class MINFORecord extends AbstractRecord<MINFORecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * A <domain-name> which specifies a mailbox which is responsible for the
+     * mailing list or mailbox. If this domain name names the root, the owner of
+     * the MINFO RR is responsible for itself. Note that many existing mailing
+     * lists use a mailbox X-request for the RMAILBX field of mailing list X,
+     * e.g., Msgroup-request for Msgroup. This field provides a more general
+     * mechanism.
+     */
+    protected Name rmailbx;
+
+    /**
+     * A <domain-name> which specifies a mailbox which is to receive error
+     * messages related to the mailing list or mailbox specified by the owner of
+     * the MINFO RR (similar to the ERRORS-TO: field which has been proposed).
+     * If this domain name names the root, errors should be returned to the
+     * sender of the message.
+     */
+    protected Name emailbx;
+
+    public
+    MINFORecord() {
+        super(RRType.MINFO);
+    }
+
+    public
+    MINFORecord(MINFORecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.rmailbx(from.rmailbx());
+        this.emailbx(from.emailbx());
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name rmailbx() {
+        return this.rmailbx;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void rmailbx(Name name) {
+        this.rmailbx = name;
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name emailbx() {
+        return this.emailbx;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void emailbx(Name name) {
+        this.emailbx = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.rmailbx = new Name(buffer);
+        this.emailbx = new Name(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        this.rmailbx()
+            .write(buffer, compressor);
+        this.emailbx()
+            .write(buffer, compressor);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new MINFORecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(MINFORecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result == 0) {
+            result = this.rmailbx()
+                         .compareTo(o.rmailbx());
+            if (result == 0) {
+                result = this.emailbx()
+                             .compareTo(o.emailbx());
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.rmailbx());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.emailbx());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (2 == list.size()) {
+            this.rmailbx(new Name(list.get(0)));
+            this.emailbx(new Name(list.get(1)));
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/MXRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.9. MX RDATA format
+ * <p>
+ * <pre>
+ *                                   1  1  1  1  1  1
+ *     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
+ *    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *    |                  PREFERENCE                   |
+ *    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *    /                   EXCHANGE                    /
+ *    /                                               /
+ *    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class MXRecord extends AbstractRecord<MXRecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * A 16 bit integer which specifies the preference given to this RR among
+     * others at the same owner. Lower values are preferred.
+     */
+    protected int preference;
+
+    /**
+     * RFC 974 the name of a host.
+     */
+    protected Name exchange;
+
+    public
+    MXRecord() {
+        super(RRType.MX);
+    }
+
+    public
+    MXRecord(MXRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.preference = from.preference();
+        this.exchange = from.exchange();
+    }
+
+    public
+    int preference() {
+        return this.preference;
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name exchange() {
+        return this.exchange;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.preference = buffer.readUnsignedShort();
+        this.exchange = new Name(buffer);
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeShort(this.preference);
+        this.exchange.write(buffer, compressor);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new MXRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(MXRecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result == 0) {
+            result = CompareUtil.compare(this.preference(), o.preference());
+            if (result == 0) {
+                result = this.exchange()
+                             .compareTo(o.exchange());
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.preference());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.exchange());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (2 == list.size()) {
+            int pref = Integer.parseInt(list.get(0));
+            if (-1 < pref && pref < 65536) {
+                this.preference = pref;
+            }
+            else {
+                // TODO error message.
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+            }
+            this.exchange = new Name(list.get(1));
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/NULLRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.10. NULL RDATA format (EXPERIMENTAL)
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class NULLRecord extends AbstractRecord<NULLRecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * Anything at all may be in the RDATA field so long as it is 65535 octets
+     * or less.
+     */
+    protected byte[] anything;
+
+    public
+    NULLRecord() {
+        super(RRType.NULL);
+    }
+
+    public
+    NULLRecord(NULLRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        byte[] ary = from.anything();
+        if (ary != null) {
+            this.anything(Arrays.copyOf(ary, ary.length));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    byte[] anything() {
+        return this.anything;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void anything(byte[] data) {
+        if (65535 < data.length) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(Messages.DataMustBe65535orLess, data.length));
+        }
+        this.anything = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.anything = new byte[rdlength()];
+        buffer.readBytes(this.anything);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeBytes(anything());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new NULLRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(NULLRecord o) {
+        if ((this != o) && (super.compareTo(o) == 0)) {
+            return CompareUtil.compare(this.anything(), o.anything());
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/OPTNameRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>3.3.1. CNAME RDATA format</li>
+ * <li>3.3.11. NS RDATA format</li>
+ * <li>3.3.12. PTR RDATA format</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class OPTNameRecord extends AbstractRecord<OPTNameRecord> {
+
+    protected Name oneName;
+
+    public
+    OPTNameRecord(RRType type) {
+        super(type);
+    }
+
+    public
+    OPTNameRecord(RRType type, Name oneName) {
+        super(type);
+        this.oneName = oneName;
+    }
+
+    public
+    OPTNameRecord(OPTNameRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.oneName = from.oneName();
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name oneName() {
+        return this.oneName;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.oneName = new Name(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        this.oneName.write(buffer, compressor);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new OPTNameRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(OPTNameRecord o) {
+        if ((this != o) && (super.compareTo(o) == 0)) {
+            return this.oneName()
+                       .compareTo(o.oneName());
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.oneName());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (0 < list.size()) {
+            this.oneName = new Name(list.get(0));
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/SOARecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.13. SOA RDATA format
+ * <p>
+ * <pre>
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * /                     MNAME                     /
+ * /                                               /
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * /                     RNAME                     /
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * |                    SERIAL                     |
+ * |                                               |
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * |                    REFRESH                    |
+ * |                                               |
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * |                     RETRY                     |
+ * |                                               |
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * |                    EXPIRE                     |
+ * |                                               |
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * |                    MINIMUM                    |
+ * |                                               |
+ * +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public
+class SOARecord extends AbstractRecord<SOARecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * The <domain-name> of the name server that was the original or primary
+     * source of data for this zone.
+     */
+    protected Name mname;
+
+    /**
+     * A <domain-name> which specifies the mailbox of the person responsible for
+     * this zone.
+     */
+    protected Name rname;
+
+    /**
+     * The unsigned 32 bit version number of the original copy of the zone. Zone
+     * transfers preserve this value. This value wraps and should be compared
+     * using sequence space arithmetic.
+     */
+    protected long serial;
+
+    /**
+     * A 32 bit time interval before the zone should be refreshed.
+     */
+    protected long refresh;
+
+    /**
+     * A 32 bit time interval that should elapse before a failed refresh should
+     * be retried.
+     */
+    protected long retry;
+
+    /**
+     * A 32 bit time value that specifies the upper limit on the time interval
+     * that can elapse before the zone is no longer authoritative.
+     */
+    protected long expire;
+
+    /**
+     * The unsigned 32 bit minimum TTL field that should be exported with any RR
+     * from this zone.
+     */
+    protected long minimum;
+
+    public
+    SOARecord() {
+        super(RRType.SOA);
+    }
+
+    public
+    SOARecord(SOARecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.mname(from.mname());
+        this.rname(from.rname());
+        this.serial(from.serial());
+        this.refresh(from.refresh());
+        this.retry(from.retry());
+        this.expire(from.expire());
+        this.minimum(from.minimum());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The <domain-name> of the name server that was the original or primary
+     * source of data for this zone.
+     */
+    public
+    Name mname() {
+        return this.mname;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void mname(Name name) {
+        this.mname = name;
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name rname() {
+        return this.rname;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void rname(Name name) {
+        this.rname = name;
+    }
+
+    public
+    long serial() {
+        return this.serial;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void serial(long uint) {
+        this.serial = uint & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    public
+    long refresh() {
+        return this.refresh;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void refresh(long uint) {
+        this.refresh = uint & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    public
+    long retry() {
+        return this.retry;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void retry(long uint) {
+        this.retry = uint & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    public
+    long expire() {
+        return this.expire;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void expire(long uint) {
+        this.expire = uint & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    public
+    long minimum() {
+        return this.minimum;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void minimum(long uint) {
+        this.minimum = uint & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.mname(new Name(buffer));
+        this.rname(new Name(buffer));
+        this.serial(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+        this.refresh(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+        this.retry(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+        this.expire(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+        this.minimum(buffer.readUnsignedInt());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        this.mname()
+            .write(buffer, compressor);
+        this.rname()
+            .write(buffer, compressor);
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.serial());
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.refresh());
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.retry());
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.expire());
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.minimum());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new SOARecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(SOARecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = this.mname()
+                     .compareTo(o.mname());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = this.rname()
+                     .compareTo(o.rname());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.serial(), o.serial());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.refresh(), o.refresh());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.retry(), o.retry());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.expire(), o.expire());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        return CompareUtil.compare(this.minimum(), o.minimum());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.mname());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.rname());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.serial());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.refresh());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.retry());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.expire());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.minimum());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (6 < list.size()) {
+            // XXX
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO error message.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/SingleNameRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>3.3.1. CNAME RDATA format</li>
+ * <li>3.3.11. NS RDATA format</li>
+ * <li>3.3.12. PTR RDATA format</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class SingleNameRecord extends AbstractRecord<SingleNameRecord> {
+
+    protected Name oneName;
+
+    public
+    SingleNameRecord(RRType type) {
+        super(type);
+    }
+
+    public
+    SingleNameRecord(RRType type, Name oneName) {
+        super(type);
+        this.oneName = oneName;
+    }
+
+    public
+    SingleNameRecord(SingleNameRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.oneName = from.oneName();
+    }
+
+    public
+    Name oneName() {
+        return this.oneName;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.oneName = new Name(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        this.oneName.write(buffer, compressor);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new SingleNameRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(SingleNameRecord o) {
+        if ((this != o) && (super.compareTo(o) == 0)) {
+            return this.oneName()
+                       .compareTo(o.oneName());
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.oneName());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        if (0 < list.size()) {
+            this.oneName = new Name(list.get(0));
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/TXTRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.3.14. TXT RDATA format
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class TXTRecord extends AbstractRecord<TXTRecord> {
+
+    protected List<byte[]> strings;
+
+    public
+    TXTRecord() {
+        super(RRType.TXT);
+    }
+
+    public
+    TXTRecord(TXTRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        if (from.strings != null) {
+            List<byte[]> newone = new ArrayList<byte[]>(from.strings.size());
+            for (byte[] b : from.strings) {
+                newone.add(Arrays.copyOf(b, b.length));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.strings = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+        ByteBuf part = buffer.readSlice(rdlength());
+        while (part.isReadable()) {
+            this.strings.add(readString(part));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        for (byte[] ary : this.strings) {
+            writeString(buffer, ary);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new TXTRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(TXTRecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        int mySize = this.strings.size();
+        int yrSize = o.strings.size();
+        int min = Math.min(mySize, yrSize);
+        for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
+            result = CompareUtil.compare(this.strings.get(i), o.strings.get(i));
+            if (result != 0) {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+        return mySize - yrSize;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Iterator<byte[]> i = this.strings.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
+            stb.append(toQuoteString(i.next()));
+            if (i.hasNext()) {
+                stb.append(' ');
+            }
+        }
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        for (String s : list) {
+            this.strings.add(s.getBytes());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    String txt() {
+        return this.toString();
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/record/WKSRecord.java

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.record;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.NameCompressor;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.client.WKPortNumbers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.client.WKProtocols;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.AddressUtil;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.CompareUtil;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+
+/**
+ * 3.4.2. WKS RDATA format
+ * <p>
+ * <pre>
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |                    ADDRESS                    |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ *     |       PROTOCOL        |                       |
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+                       |
+ *     |                                               |
+ *     /                   <BIT MAP>                   /
+ *     /                                               /
+ *     +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>
+ * The WKS record is used to describe the well known services supported by a
+ * particular protocol on a particular internet address. The PROTOCOL field
+ * specifies an IP protocol number, and the bit map has one bit per port of the
+ * specified protocol. The first bit corresponds to port 0, the second to port
+ * 1, etc. If the bit map does not include a bit for a protocol of interest,
+ * that bit is assumed zero. The appropriate values and mnemonics for ports and
+ * protocols are specified in [RFC-1010].
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class WKSRecord extends AbstractRecord<WKSRecord> {
+
+    /**
+     * An 32 bit Internet address
+     */
+    protected long address;
+
+    /**
+     * An 8 bit IP protocol number
+     */
+    protected short protocol;
+
+    /**
+     * A variable length bit map. The bit map must be a multiple of 8 bits long.
+     */
+    protected byte[] bitmap;
+
+    public
+    WKSRecord() {
+        super(RRType.WKS);
+    }
+
+    public
+    WKSRecord(WKSRecord from) {
+        super(from);
+        this.address = from.address;
+        this.protocol = from.protocol();
+        byte[] ary = from.bitmap();
+        if (ary != null) {
+            this.bitmap(Arrays.copyOf(ary, ary.length));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public
+    short protocol() {
+        return this.protocol;
+    }
+
+    public
+    byte[] bitmap() {
+        return this.bitmap;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void bitmap(byte[] bytes) {
+        this.bitmap = bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void parseRDATA(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        this.address = buffer.readUnsignedInt();
+        this.protocol = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        this.bitmap = new byte[rdlength() - 5];// (32bit + 8bit) / 8bit
+        buffer.readBytes(this.bitmap);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    void writeRDATA(ByteBuf buffer, NameCompressor compressor) {
+        buffer.writeInt((int) this.address);
+        buffer.writeByte(this.protocol);
+        buffer.writeBytes(this.bitmap);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected
+    ResourceRecord newInstance() {
+        return new WKSRecord(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int compareTo(WKSRecord o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = super.compareTo(o);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.address, o.address);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = CompareUtil.compare(this.protocol(), o.protocol());
+        if (result != 0) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        return CompareUtil.compare(this.bitmap(), o.bitmap());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see WKProtocols
+     * @see WKPortNumbers
+     */
+    @Override
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder stb = new StringBuilder();
+        stb.append(super.toString());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.address()
+                       .getHostAddress());
+        stb.append(' ');
+        stb.append(this.protocol());
+        return stb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public
+    InetAddress address() {
+        return AddressUtil.getByAddress(this.address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void setRDATA(List<String> list) {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+
+    }
+
+    public
+    void protocol(short no) {
+        this.protocol = no;
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/CNAMEResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.*;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SingleNameRecord;
+
+public
+class CNAMEResponse extends DefaultResponse {
+    final SingleNameRecord cname;
+    final RRType qtype;
+
+    public
+    CNAMEResponse(ResourceRecord cname, RRType qtype) {
+        super(RCode.NoError);
+        this.cname = SingleNameRecord.class.cast(cname);
+        this.qtype = qtype;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void postProcess(ResolveContext context) {
+        context.response()
+               .answer()
+               .add(this.cname);
+        Response r = context.resolve(this.cname.oneName(), this.qtype);
+        r.postProcess(context);
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DNAMEResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.*;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SingleNameRecord;
+
+public
+class DNAMEResponse extends DefaultResponse {
+
+    final SingleNameRecord dname;
+    final Name qname;
+    final RRType qtype;
+
+    public
+    DNAMEResponse(ResourceRecord dname, Name qname, RRType qtype) {
+        super(RCode.NoError);
+        notNull(dname, "dname");
+        notNull(qname, "qname");
+        notNull(qtype, "qtype");
+        this.dname = SingleNameRecord.class.cast(dname);
+        this.qname = qname;
+        this.qtype = qtype;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void postProcess(ResolveContext context) {
+        DNSMessage res = context.response();
+        res.answer()
+           .add(this.dname);
+        Name name = this.qname.replace(this.dname.name(), this.dname.oneName());
+        if (name == null) {
+            context.response()
+                   .header()
+                   .rcode(RCode.YXDomain);
+        }
+        else {
+            SingleNameRecord cname = new SingleNameRecord(RRType.CNAME, name);
+            cname.name(this.qname);
+            res.answer()
+               .add(cname);
+            res.header()
+               .aa(true);
+            Response r = context.resolve(name, this.qtype);
+            r.postProcess(context);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DNSCacheEntry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+
+public
+class DNSCacheEntry {
+
+    protected long expiration;
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DNSCacheKey.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation;
+
+
+public
+class DNSCacheKey {
+    Name name;
+    RRType t;
+    DNSClass c;
+
+    public
+    DNSCacheKey(Name name, RRType t, DNSClass c) {
+        super();
+        Validation.notNull(name, "name");
+        Validation.notNull(t, "t");
+        Validation.notNull(c, "c");
+        this.name = name;
+        this.t = t;
+        this.c = c;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + ((this.c == null) ? 0 : this.c.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((this.name == null) ? 0 : this.name.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((this.t == null) ? 0 : this.t.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (other instanceof DNSCacheKey) {
+            return equals(DNSCacheKey.class.cast(other));
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public
+    boolean equals(DNSCacheKey other) {
+        boolean ne = this.name.equals(other.name);
+
+        boolean t = (this.t.equals(RRType.ANY) || other.t.equals(RRType.ANY) || this.t.equals(other.t));
+
+        boolean c = (this.c.equals(DNSClass.ANY) || other.c.equals(DNSClass.ANY) || this.c.equals(other.c));
+
+        return ne && t && c;
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DNSMessageCache.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+
+/**
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public
+class DNSMessageCache {
+
+    public
+    DNSMessage lookup(Name name, RRType t, DNSClass c) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public
+    void store(DNSMessage message) {
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DNSMessageDecoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.DnsMessage;
+import dorkbox.util.NamedThreadFactory;
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator;
+import io.netty.channel.*;
+import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.oio.OioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramPacket;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioDatagramChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.oio.OioDatagramChannel;
+import io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;
+
+@ChannelHandler.Sharable
+public
+class DNSMessageDecoder extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
+
+    /**
+     * This is what is called whenever a DNS packet is received. Currently only support UDP packets.
+     * <p>
+     * Calls {@link ChannelHandlerContext#fireChannelRead(Object)} to forward
+     * to the next {@link ChannelInboundHandler} in the {@link ChannelPipeline}.
+     * <p>
+     * Sub-classes may override this method to change behavior.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public
+    void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
+        if (msg instanceof io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramPacket) {
+            ByteBuf content = ((DatagramPacket) msg).content();
+
+            if (content.readableBytes() == 0) {
+                // we can't read this message, there's nothing there!
+                System.err.println("NO CONTENT ");
+                ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            DnsMessage msg1 = new DnsMessage(content);
+
+            // should get one from a pool!
+
+            Bootstrap dnsBootstrap = new Bootstrap();
+
+            // setup the thread group to easily ID what the following threads belong to (and their spawned threads...)
+            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
+            ThreadGroup nettyGroup = new ThreadGroup(s != null
+                                                     ? s.getThreadGroup()
+                                                     : Thread.currentThread()
+                                                             .getThreadGroup(), "DnsClient (Netty)");
+
+            EventLoopGroup group;
+            if (PlatformDependent.isAndroid()) {
+                group = new OioEventLoopGroup(0, new NamedThreadFactory("DnsClient-boss-UDP", nettyGroup));
+                dnsBootstrap.channel(OioDatagramChannel.class);
+            }
+            else {
+                group = new NioEventLoopGroup(2, new NamedThreadFactory("DnsClient-boss-UDP", nettyGroup));
+                dnsBootstrap.channel(NioDatagramChannel.class);
+            }
+
+            dnsBootstrap.group(group);
+            dnsBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT);
+            // dnsBootstrap.handler(new DnsHandler());
+
+
+
+            // sending the question
+            final ChannelFuture future = dnsBootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("8.8.8.8", 53));
+            try {
+                future.await();
+
+                if (future.isSuccess()) {
+                    // woo, connected!
+                    System.err.println("CONNECTED");
+                    // this.dnsServer = dnsServer;
+                }
+                else {
+                    System.err.println("CANNOT CONNECT!");
+                    // this.dnsServer = null;
+                    // Logger logger2 = this.logger;
+                    // if (logger2.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    //     logger2.error("Could not connect to the DNS server.", this.future.cause());
+                    // }
+                    // else {
+                    //     logger2.error("Could not connect to the DNS server.");
+                    // }
+                }
+
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                // Logger logger2 = this.logger;
+                // if (logger2.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                //     logger2.error("Could not connect to the DNS server on port {}.", dnsServer.getPort(), e.getCause());
+                // }
+                // else {
+                //     logger2.error("Could not connect to the DNS server on port {}.", dnsServer.getPort());
+                // }
+            }
+
+
+
+            //
+            // ClientBootstrap cb = new ClientBootstrap(this.clientChannelFactory);
+            // cb.setOption("broadcast", "false");
+            //
+            // cb.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
+            //     @Override
+            //     public
+            //     ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
+            //         return Channels.pipeline(new ClientHanler(original, e.getChannel(), e.getRemoteAddress()));
+            //     }
+            // });
+            //
+            // List<SocketAddress> newlist = new ArrayList<SocketAddress>(this.config.getForwarders());
+            // sendRequest(e, original, cb, newlist);
+
+
+        }
+        else {
+            ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // protected
+    // void sendRequest(final MessageEvent e, final DNSMessage original, final ClientBootstrap bootstrap, final List<SocketAddress> forwarders) {
+    //
+    //     if (0 < forwarders.size()) {
+    //         SocketAddress sa = forwarders.remove(0);
+    //         LOG.debug("send to {}", sa);
+    //
+    //         ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(sa);
+    //         ChannelBuffer newone = ChannelBuffers.buffer(512);
+    //         DNSMessage msg = new DNSMessage(original);
+    //         msg.write(newone);
+    //         newone.resetReaderIndex();
+    //         final Channel c = f.getChannel();
+    //
+    //         if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+    //             LOG.debug("STATUS : [isOpen/isConnected/isWritable {}] {} {}",
+    //                       new Object[] {new boolean[] {c.isOpen(), c.isConnected(), c.isWritable()}, c.getRemoteAddress(), c.getClass()});
+    //         }
+    //
+    //         c.write(newone, sa).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+    //             @Override
+    //             public
+    //             void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+    //                 LOG.debug("request complete isSuccess : {}", future.isSuccess());
+    //                 if (future.isSuccess() == false) {
+    //                     if (0 < forwarders.size()) {
+    //                         sendRequest(e, original, bootstrap, forwarders);
+    //                     }
+    //                     else {
+    //                         original.header().rcode(RCode.ServFail);
+    //                         ChannelBuffer buffer = ChannelBuffers.buffer(512);
+    //                         original.write(buffer);
+    //                         // close inbound channel
+    //                         e.getChannel().write(buffer).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+    //                     }
+    //                 }
+    //             }
+    //         });
+    //
+    //         // f.awaitUninterruptibly(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    //     }
+    // }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DefaultResolveContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.*;
+
+public
+class DefaultResolveContext implements ResolveContext {
+
+    final DNSMessage request;
+    final DNSMessage response;
+
+    public
+    DefaultResolveContext(DNSMessage request) {
+        this(request, new DNSMessage());
+    }
+
+    public
+    DefaultResolveContext(DNSMessage request, DNSMessage response) {
+        notNull(request, "request");
+        notNull(response, "response");
+        this.request = request;
+        this.response = response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    DNSMessage request() {
+        return this.request;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    DNSMessage response() {
+        return this.response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    Response resolve(Name qname, RRType qtype) {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        return null;
+    }
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/DefaultResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Response;
+
+public abstract
+class DefaultResponse implements Response {
+    final RCode rcode;
+
+    protected
+    DefaultResponse(RCode rcode) {
+        this.rcode = rcode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    RCode rcode() {
+        return this.rcode;
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/NoErrorResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResolveContext;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+public
+class NoErrorResponse extends DefaultResponse {
+    final Set<ResourceRecord> records;
+    final boolean aa;
+
+    public
+    NoErrorResponse(Set<ResourceRecord> records) {
+        this(records, true);
+    }
+
+    public
+    NoErrorResponse(Set<ResourceRecord> records, boolean aa) {
+        super(RCode.NoError);
+        this.records = records;
+        this.aa = aa;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void postProcess(ResolveContext context) {
+        DNSMessage res = context.response();
+        res.header()
+           .rcode(this.rcode());
+        res.header()
+           .aa(this.aa);
+        res.answer()
+           .addAll(this.records);
+        // TODO additional section ?
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/NotFoundResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResolveContext;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SOARecord;
+
+public
+class NotFoundResponse extends DefaultResponse {
+    final SOARecord soaRecord;
+
+    public
+    NotFoundResponse(RCode rcode, SOARecord soaRecord) {
+        super(rcode);
+        this.soaRecord = soaRecord;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void postProcess(ResolveContext context) {
+        DNSMessage res = context.response();
+        res.header()
+           .rcode(this.rcode());
+        res.authority()
+           .add(this.soaRecord);
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/server/ReferralResponse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.server;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSMessage;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResolveContext;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+public
+class ReferralResponse extends DefaultResponse {
+    final Set<ResourceRecord> nsRecords;
+
+    public
+    ReferralResponse(Set<ResourceRecord> records) {
+        super(RCode.NoError);
+        this.nsRecords = records;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public
+    void postProcess(ResolveContext context) {
+        DNSMessage res = context.response();
+        res.header()
+           .rcode(this.rcode());
+        res.authority()
+           .addAll(this.nsRecords);
+    }
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/AbstractZone.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Zone;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ZoneType;
+
+public abstract class AbstractZone implements Zone {
+
+	protected ZoneType type;
+
+	protected DNSClass dnsClass;
+
+	protected Name name;
+
+	public AbstractZone(ZoneType type, Name name) {
+		this(type, DNSClass.IN, name);
+	}
+
+	public AbstractZone(ZoneType type, DNSClass dnsClass, Name name) {
+		this.type = type;
+		this.dnsClass = dnsClass;
+		this.name = name;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ZoneType type() {
+		return this.type;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public DNSClass dnsClass() {
+		return this.dnsClass;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Name name() {
+		return this.name;
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/ForwardZone.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Response;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ZoneType;
+
+public class ForwardZone extends AbstractZone {
+
+	protected List<InetAddress> forwarders = new ArrayList<InetAddress>();
+
+	public ForwardZone(Name name) {
+		super(ZoneType.forward, name);
+	}
+
+	public ForwardZone(DNSClass dnsclass, Name name) {
+		super(ZoneType.forward, dnsclass, name);
+	}
+
+	public void addForwardHost(InetAddress host) {
+		this.forwarders.add(host);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Response find(Name qname, RRType type) {
+		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+		return null;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/MasterZone.java

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.NavigableSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RCode;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.RRType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Response;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ZoneType;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.record.SOARecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.CNAMEResponse;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.DNAMEResponse;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.NoErrorResponse;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.NotFoundResponse;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.server.ReferralResponse;
+
+public class MasterZone extends AbstractZone {
+
+	final ConcurrentMap<Name, ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>>> records = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<Name, ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>>>();
+	final Response nxDomain;
+	final Response nxRRSet;
+
+	public MasterZone(Name name, SOARecord soaRecord) {
+		super(ZoneType.master, name);
+		this.nxDomain = new NotFoundResponse(RCode.NXDomain, soaRecord);
+		this.nxRRSet = new NotFoundResponse(RCode.NXRRSet, soaRecord);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Response find(Name qname, RRType qtype) {
+		notNull(qname, "qname");
+		notNull(qtype, "qtype");
+
+		if (qname.contains(this.name()) == false) {
+			return this.nxDomain;
+		}
+
+		ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> exactMatch = this.records
+				.get(qname);
+		if (exactMatch != null) {
+			NavigableSet<ResourceRecord> rrs = exactMatch.get(qtype);
+			if (rrs != null) {
+				synchronized (rrs) {
+					if (rrs.isEmpty() == false) {
+						return new NoErrorResponse(rrs);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (RRType.ANY.equals(qtype)) {
+				Set<ResourceRecord> newset = new HashSet<ResourceRecord>();
+				for (RRType type : exactMatch.keySet()) {
+					Set<ResourceRecord> s = exactMatch.get(type);
+					if (s != null) {
+						synchronized (s) {
+							newset.addAll(s);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if (newset.isEmpty() == false) {
+					return new NoErrorResponse(newset);
+				}
+			}
+			if (RRType.CNAME.equals(qtype) == false) {
+				rrs = exactMatch.get(RRType.CNAME);
+				if (rrs != null) {
+					synchronized (rrs) {
+						if (rrs.isEmpty() == false) {
+							return new CNAMEResponse(rrs.first(), qtype);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return this.nxRRSet;
+		}
+
+		for (Name qn = qname.toParent(); this.name().equals(qn) == false; qn = qn
+				.toParent()) {
+			ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> match = this.records
+					.get(qn);
+			if (match != null) {
+				synchronized (match) {
+					if (match.isEmpty() == false) {
+						NavigableSet<ResourceRecord> set = match.get(RRType.NS);
+						if ((set != null) && (set.isEmpty() == false)) {
+							return new ReferralResponse(set);
+						}
+						set = match.get(RRType.DNAME);
+						if ((set != null) && (set.isEmpty() == false)) {
+							return new DNAMEResponse(set.first(), qname, qtype);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (Name qn = qname; this.name().equals(qn) == false; qn = qn
+				.toParent()) {
+			Name wild = qn.toWildcard();
+			ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> match = this.records
+					.get(wild);
+			if (match != null) {
+				synchronized (match) {
+					if (match.isEmpty() == false) {
+						Set<ResourceRecord> matchSet = match.get(qtype);
+						if (matchSet.isEmpty() == false) {
+							Set<ResourceRecord> set = new HashSet<ResourceRecord>(
+									matchSet.size());
+							for (ResourceRecord rr : matchSet) {
+								set.add(rr.toQnameRecord(qname));
+							}
+							return new NoErrorResponse(set);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.nxDomain;
+	}
+
+	// add and remove needs queuing?
+	// if modify operations works on single thread, not conflict.
+	public void add(ResourceRecord rr) {
+		notNull(rr, "rr");
+		for (;;) {
+			ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> current = this.records
+					.get(rr.name());
+			if (current == null) {
+				ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> newone = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>>();
+				NavigableSet<ResourceRecord> newset = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<ResourceRecord>();
+				newset.add(rr);
+				newone.put(rr.type(), newset);
+
+				ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> prevTypes = this.records
+						.putIfAbsent(rr.name(), newone);
+				if (prevTypes == null) {
+					break;
+				}
+				synchronized (prevTypes) {
+					Set<ResourceRecord> prevRecs = prevTypes.putIfAbsent(
+							rr.type(), newset);
+					if (prevRecs == null) {
+						break;
+					}
+					prevRecs.add(rr);
+					break;
+				}
+			} else {
+				synchronized (current) {
+					Set<ResourceRecord> rrs = current.get(rr.type());
+					if (rrs == null) {
+						NavigableSet<ResourceRecord> newset = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<ResourceRecord>();
+						newset.add(rr);
+						current.put(rr.type(), newset);
+						break;
+					}
+					if (rrs.isEmpty() == false) {
+						rrs.add(rr);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void remove(ResourceRecord rr, boolean checkSets, boolean checkMap) {
+		notNull(rr, "rr");
+		ConcurrentMap<RRType, NavigableSet<ResourceRecord>> current = this.records
+				.get(rr.name());
+		if (current != null) {
+			synchronized (current) {
+				NavigableSet<ResourceRecord> sets = current.get(rr.type());
+				sets.remove(rr);
+				if (checkSets && sets.isEmpty()) {
+					current.remove(rr.type());
+					if (checkMap && current.isEmpty()) {
+						this.records.remove(rr.name());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/Query.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Zone;
+
+/**
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class Query {
+
+	protected Name origin;
+
+	protected Name current;
+
+	protected DNSClass dnsClass;
+
+	protected Zone target;
+
+	protected ZoneDatabase database;
+
+	public Query(Name origin, Name current, DNSClass dnsClass, Zone target,
+			ZoneDatabase database) {
+		super();
+		notNull(origin, "origin");
+		notNull(current, "current");
+		notNull(dnsClass, "dnsClass");
+		notNull(target, "target");
+		notNull(database, "database");
+
+		this.origin = origin;
+		this.current = current;
+		this.dnsClass = dnsClass;
+		this.target = target;
+		this.database = database;
+	}
+
+	// public SearchResult execute(/* ResolveContext? */) {
+	// List<ResourceRecord> rrs = this.target.resolve(this.current,
+	// this.dnsClass);
+	// SearchResult result = new SearchResult(rrs);
+	// if (rrs.isEmpty()) {
+	// result.status = Status.NXDOMAIN;
+	// return result;
+	// } else if (contains(rrs)) {
+	// result.status = Status.SUCCESS;
+	// return result;
+	// } else {
+	// Query q = this.database.prepare(this.origin, this.dnsClass);
+	// SearchResult sr = q.execute();
+	// result.rrs.addAll(sr.rrs);
+	// result.status = sr.status;
+	// return sr;
+	// }
+	// }
+
+	protected boolean contains(List<ResourceRecord> rrs) {
+		for (ResourceRecord rr : rrs) {
+			if (this.origin.equals(rr.name())) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/SearchResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+
+public class SearchResult {
+
+	public enum Status {
+		NXDOMAIN, SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	List<ResourceRecord> rrs;
+
+	Status status = Status.NXDOMAIN;
+
+	public SearchResult(List<ResourceRecord> rrs) {
+		super();
+		this.rrs = rrs;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/dns/zone/ZoneDatabase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.dns.zone;
+
+import static org.handwerkszeug.util.Validation.notNull;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.DNSClass;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Name;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.ResourceRecord;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Zone;
+
+public class ZoneDatabase {
+
+	protected Map<ZoneDatabaseKey, Zone> zones = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<ZoneDatabaseKey, Zone>();
+
+	public Query prepare(Name name, DNSClass dnsClass) {
+		notNull(name, "name");
+		notNull(dnsClass, "dnsClass");
+		ZoneDatabaseKey zk = new ZoneDatabaseKey(name, dnsClass);
+		Zone found = this.zones.get(zk);
+		if (found != null) {
+			// exact match
+			return new Query(name, name, dnsClass, found, this);
+		}
+
+		Name child = name;
+		// partial match
+		for (int i = 0, size = this.zones.size(); i < size; i++) {
+			Name p = child.toParent();
+			zk.name(p);
+			found = this.zones.get(zk);
+			if (found == null) {
+				child = p;
+			} else {
+				return new Query(name, p, dnsClass, found, this);
+			}
+		}
+		// not found.
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	public void add(Zone zone/* TODO ZoneConfig? */) {
+		notNull(zone, "zone");
+		this.zones.put(new ZoneDatabaseKey(zone), zone);
+	}
+
+	static class ZoneDatabaseKey implements Comparable<ZoneDatabaseKey> {
+		Name name;
+		DNSClass dnsclass;
+
+		public ZoneDatabaseKey(Zone z) {
+			this(z.name(), z.dnsClass());
+		}
+
+		public ZoneDatabaseKey(ResourceRecord rr) {
+			this(rr.name(), rr.dnsClass());
+		}
+
+		public ZoneDatabaseKey(Name name, DNSClass dnsclass) {
+			notNull(name, "name");
+			notNull(dnsclass, "dnsclass");
+			this.name = name;
+			this.dnsclass = dnsclass;
+		}
+
+		public Name name() {
+			return this.name;
+		}
+
+		public void name(Name name) {
+			notNull(name, "name");
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int hashCode() {
+			final int prime = 31;
+			int result = 1;
+			result = prime * result + this.dnsclass.hashCode();
+			result = prime * result + this.name.hashCode();
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object other) {
+			if (this == other) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (other == null) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if (getClass() != other.getClass()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			return equals((ZoneDatabaseKey) other);
+		}
+
+		public boolean equals(ZoneDatabaseKey other) {
+			return (this.dnsclass == other.dnsclass)
+					&& this.name.equals(other.name);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int compareTo(ZoneDatabaseKey o) {
+			if (o == null) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+			if (equals(o)) {
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return this.hashCode() - o.hashCode();
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/AddressUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291">[RFC4291] IP Version 6
+ *      Addressing Architecture</a>
+ * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952">[RFC5952] A Recommendation
+ *      for IPv6 Address Text Representation</a>
+ * @see http://www.intermapper.com/ipv6validator
+ * @see http://download.dartware.com/thirdparty/test-ipv6-regex.pl
+ * @author taichi
+ */
+public class AddressUtil {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AddressUtil.class);
+
+	/**
+	 * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc952">[RFC952] DOD INTERNET
+	 *      HOST TABLE SPECIFICATION</a>
+	 */
+	public static final Pattern hostname = Pattern
+			.compile("([a-zA-Z][\\w-]*[\\w]*(\\.[a-zA-Z][\\w-]*[\\w]*)*)");
+
+	public static final Pattern hostWithPort = withPortNumber(hostname);
+
+	public static final String under65536 = "(6553[0-5]|6(55[012]|(5[0-4]|[0-4]\\d)\\d)\\d|[1-5]?\\d{1,4})";
+	public static final Pattern v4Address = Pattern
+			.compile("((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1\\d|[1-9]?)\\d)(\\.|\\b)){4}(?<!\\.)");
+	public static final Pattern v4withPort = withPortNumber(v4Address);
+
+	protected static Pattern withPortNumber(Pattern p) {
+		return Pattern.compile("(" + p.pattern() + ")(:" + under65536 + ")?");
+	}
+
+	protected static final String internal_v6address = "((((?=(?>.*?::)(?!.*::)))(::)?([0-9a-f]{1,4}::?){0,5}|([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6})(((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1[0-9]|[1-9])?[0-9])(\\.|\\b)){4}|\\3([0-9a-f]{1,4}(::?|\\b)){0,2}|[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4})(?<![^:]:)(?<!\\.))";
+	public static final Pattern v6Address = Pattern.compile(internal_v6address
+			+ "$");
+	public static final Pattern v6withSuffixPort = Pattern
+			.compile(internal_v6address + "(?:(#|\\.)" + under65536 + ")?$");
+
+	public static final Pattern v6withBracketPort = Pattern.compile("\\["
+			+ internal_v6address + "\\](:" + under65536 + ")?$"); // 1 15
+
+	protected static final List<SocketAddressConverter> CONVERTERS = new ArrayList<SocketAddressConverter>();
+	static {
+		CONVERTERS.add(new FromV4Address());
+		CONVERTERS.add(new FromBracketV6Address());
+		CONVERTERS.add(new FromV6Address());
+		CONVERTERS.add(new FromHostname());
+	}
+
+	public static InetSocketAddress convertTo(String addressWithPort,
+			int defaultPort) {
+		InetSocketAddress result = null;
+		for (SocketAddressConverter sac : CONVERTERS) {
+			result = sac.to(addressWithPort, defaultPort);
+			if (result != null) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public interface SocketAddressConverter {
+		InetSocketAddress to(String addr, int defaultPort);
+	}
+
+	public static class FromHostname implements SocketAddressConverter {
+		@Override
+		public InetSocketAddress to(String addr, int defaultPort) {
+			return toSocketAddress(addr, defaultPort, hostWithPort, 1, 5);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class FromV4Address implements SocketAddressConverter {
+		@Override
+		public InetSocketAddress to(String addr, int defaultPort) {
+			return toSocketAddress(addr, defaultPort, v4withPort, 1, 7);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class FromBracketV6Address implements SocketAddressConverter {
+		@Override
+		public InetSocketAddress to(String addr, int defaultPort) {
+			return toSocketAddress(addr, defaultPort, v6withBracketPort, 1, 15);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class FromV6Address implements SocketAddressConverter {
+		@Override
+		public InetSocketAddress to(String addr, int defaultPort) {
+			return toSocketAddress(addr, defaultPort, v6withSuffixPort, 1, 15);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected static InetSocketAddress toSocketAddress(String addressWithPort,
+			int defaultPort, Pattern p, int HOST_INDEX, int PORT_INDEX) {
+		Matcher m = p.matcher(addressWithPort);
+		if (m.matches() && m.reset().find()) {
+			int port = toInt(m.group(PORT_INDEX), defaultPort);
+			return new InetSocketAddress(m.group(HOST_INDEX), port);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	public static int toInt(String s, int defaultValue) {
+		int result = defaultValue;
+		try {
+			if ((s != null) && (s.isEmpty() == false)) {
+				result = Integer.parseInt(s);
+			}
+		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public static InetAddress getByAddress(long v4address) {
+		byte[] a = new byte[4];
+		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+			a[i] = (byte) ((v4address >>> ((3 - i) * 8)) & 0xFF);
+		}
+		try {
+			return InetAddress.getByAddress(a);
+		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+			LOG.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static long toLong(InetAddress v4address) {
+		byte[] a = v4address.getAddress();
+		long result = 0;
+		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+			result |= (long) ((a[i] & 0xFF)) << ((3 - i) * 8);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public static InetAddress getByName(String host) {
+		try {
+			return InetAddress.getByName(host);
+		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+			LOG.error(host, e);
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/ClassUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+public class ClassUtil {
+
+	public static String toPackagePath(Class<?> clazz) {
+		String result = clazz.getName();
+		int index = result.lastIndexOf('.');
+		if (index < 1) {
+			return "";
+		}
+		result = result.substring(0, index);
+		result = result.replace('.', '/');
+		return result;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/CompareUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+import werkzeugkasten.common.util.ArrayUtil;
+
+public class CompareUtil {
+
+	public static int compare(long left, long right) {
+		if (left < right) {
+			return -1;
+		} else if (left > right) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	public static int compare(byte[] lefts, byte[] rights) {
+		return ArrayUtil.compare(lefts, rights);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/EnumUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+public class EnumUtil {
+
+	public static <E extends Enum<E> & VariableEnum> E find(E[] values,
+			int value) {
+		E result = find(values, value, null);
+		if (result == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("value=" + value);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	public static <E extends Enum<E> & VariableEnum> E find(E[] values,
+			int value, E defaultValue) {
+		for (E e : values) {
+			if (e.value() == value) {
+				return e;
+			}
+		}
+		return defaultValue;
+	}
+
+	public static <E extends Enum<E>> E find(E[] values, String value,
+			E defaultValue) {
+		if (value == null || value.isEmpty()) {
+			return defaultValue;
+		}
+		String key = value.toUpperCase();
+		for (E e : values) {
+			if (e.name().equals(key)) {
+				return e;
+			}
+		}
+		return defaultValue;
+	}
+
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/Validation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+public class Validation {
+
+	static final Pattern isPositiveNumber = Pattern.compile("\\d+");
+
+	public static void notNull(Object o, String name) {
+		if (o == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static boolean isPositiveNumber(String s) {
+		return s != null && isPositiveNumber.matcher(s).matches();
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/util/VariableEnum.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.util;
+
+public interface VariableEnum {
+
+	int value();
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/DefaultHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+public abstract class DefaultHandler<CTX> implements YamlNodeHandler<CTX> {
+	protected String name;
+
+	public DefaultHandler() {
+	}
+
+	public DefaultHandler(String name) {
+		this.name = name;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getNodeName() {
+		return this.name;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/MappingHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.MappingNode;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.NodeTuple;
+
+public class MappingHandler<CTX> extends DefaultHandler<CTX> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MappingHandler.class);
+
+	Map<String, YamlNodeHandler<CTX>> handlers = new HashMap<String, YamlNodeHandler<CTX>>();
+
+	public MappingHandler() {
+	}
+
+	public MappingHandler(String name) {
+		super(name);
+	}
+
+	public void add(YamlNodeHandler<CTX> handler) {
+		if (handler != null) {
+			this.handlers.put(handler.getNodeName().toLowerCase(), handler);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void handle(Node node, CTX context) {
+		if (node instanceof MappingNode) {
+			MappingNode mn = (MappingNode) node;
+			for (NodeTuple nt : mn.getValue()) {
+				String key = YamlUtil.getStringValue(nt.getKeyNode());
+				YamlNodeHandler<CTX> h = this.handlers.get(key.toLowerCase());
+				if (h != null) {
+					Node value = nt.getValueNode();
+					h.handle(value, context);
+				} else {
+					LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.UnsupportedAttribute,
+							key);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.InvalidParameter, new Object[] {
+					"MappingHandler#handle", MappingNode.class, node });
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/SequenceHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.SequenceNode;
+
+public class SequenceHandler<CTX> extends DefaultHandler<CTX> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SequenceHandler.class);
+
+	protected YamlNodeHandler<CTX> handler;
+
+	public SequenceHandler(YamlNodeHandler<CTX> handler) {
+		this.handler = handler;
+	}
+
+	public SequenceHandler(String name, YamlNodeHandler<CTX> handler) {
+		super(name);
+		this.handler = handler;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void handle(Node node, CTX context) {
+		if (node instanceof SequenceNode) {
+			SequenceNode sn = (SequenceNode) node;
+			for (Node n : sn.getValue()) {
+				this.handler.handle(n, context);
+			}
+		} else {
+			LOG.debug(Markers.DETAIL, Messages.InvalidParameter, new Object[] {
+					"SequenceHandler#handle", SequenceNode.class, node });
+		}
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/YamlNodeAccepter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.Markers;
+import org.handwerkszeug.dns.nls.Messages;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.parser.ParserImpl;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.reader.StreamReader;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.resolver.Resolver;
+
+public class YamlNodeAccepter<CTX> {
+
+	static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(YamlNodeAccepter.class);
+
+	protected final YamlNodeHandler<CTX> rootHandler;
+
+	public YamlNodeAccepter(YamlNodeHandler<CTX> root) {
+		this.rootHandler = root;
+	}
+
+	public void accept(InputStream in, CTX context) {
+		if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+			LOG.trace(Markers.BOUNDARY, Messages.ComposeNode);
+		}
+		Composer composer = new Composer(new ParserImpl(new StreamReader(
+				new InputStreamReader(in))), new Resolver());
+		Node node = composer.getSingleNode();
+		this.rootHandler.handle(node, context);
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/YamlNodeHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+
+public interface YamlNodeHandler<CTX> {
+
+	String getNodeName();
+
+	void handle(Node node, CTX context);
+}

src-wip/org/handwerkszeug/yaml/YamlUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.handwerkszeug.yaml;
+
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.Node;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.nodes.ScalarNode;
+
+public class YamlUtil {
+
+	public static String getStringValue(Node node) {
+		if (node instanceof ScalarNode) {
+			ScalarNode sn = (ScalarNode) node;
+			return sn.getValue();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+}

src-wip/org/xbill/DNS2/clients/Client.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2005 Brian Wellington (bwelling@xbill.org)
+
+package org.xbill.DNS2.clients;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel;
+import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
+import java.nio.channels.Selector;
+
+import dorkbox.network.dns.utils.Options;
+
+class Client {
+
+    protected long endTime;
+    protected SelectionKey key;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet logger, if available.
+     */
+    private static PacketLogger packetLogger = null;
+
+    protected
+    Client(SelectableChannel channel, long endTime) throws IOException {
+        boolean done = false;
+        Selector selector = null;
+        this.endTime = endTime;
+        try {
+            selector = Selector.open();
+            channel.configureBlocking(false);
+            key = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
+            done = true;
+        } finally {
+            if (!done && selector != null) {
+                selector.close();
+            }
+            if (!done) {
+                channel.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static protected
+    void blockUntil(SelectionKey key, long endTime) throws IOException {
+        long timeout = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
+        int nkeys = 0;
+        if (timeout > 0) {
+            nkeys = key.selector()
+                       .select(timeout);
+        }
+        else if (timeout == 0) {
+            nkeys = key.selector()
+                       .selectNow();
+        }
+        if (nkeys == 0) {
+            throw new SocketTimeoutException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static protected
+    void verboseLog(String prefix, SocketAddress local, SocketAddress remote, byte[] data) {
+        if (Options.check("verbosemsg")) {
+            System.err.println(hexdump.dump(prefix, data));
+        }
+        if (packetLogger != null) {
+            packetLogger.log(prefix, local, remote, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void cleanup() throws IOException {
+        key.selector()
+           .close();
+        key.channel()
+           .close();
+    }
+
+    static
+    void setPacketLogger(PacketLogger logger) {
+        packetLogger = logger;
+    }
+
+}

src-wip/org/xbill/DNS2/clients/Generator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2004 Brian Wellington (bwelling@xbill.org)
+
+package org.xbill.DNS2.clients;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import dorkbox.network.dns.Name;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.constants.DnsClass;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.constants.DnsRecordType;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.exceptions.InvalidTypeException;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.exceptions.TextParseException;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.DnsRecord;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.utils.Options;
+
+/**
+ * A representation of a $GENERATE statement in a master file.
+ *
+ * @author Brian Wellington
+ */
+
+public
+class Generator {
+
+    /**
+     * The start of the range.
+     */
+    public long start;
+
+    /**
+     * The end of the range.
+     */
+    public long end;
+
+    /**
+     * The step value of the range.
+     */
+    public long step;
+
+    /**
+     * The pattern to use for generating record names.
+     */
+    public final String namePattern;
+
+    /**
+     * The type of the generated records.
+     */
+    public final int type;
+
+    /**
+     * The class of the generated records.
+     */
+    public final int dclass;
+
+    /**
+     * The ttl of the generated records.
+     */
+    public final long ttl;
+
+    /**
+     * The pattern to use for generating record data.
+     */
+    public final String rdataPattern;
+
+    /**
+     * The origin to append to relative names.
+     */
+    public final Name origin;
+
+    private long current;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a specification for generating records, as a $GENERATE
+     * statement in a master file.
+     *
+     * @param start The start of the range.
+     * @param end The end of the range.
+     * @param step The step value of the range.
+     * @param namePattern The pattern to use for generating record names.
+     * @param type The type of the generated records.  The supported types are
+     *         PTR, CNAME, DNAME, A, AAAA, and NS.
+     * @param dclass The class of the generated records.
+     * @param ttl The ttl of the generated records.
+     * @param rdataPattern The pattern to use for generating record data.
+     * @param origin The origin to append to relative names.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The range is invalid.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The type does not support generation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The dclass is not a valid class.
+     */
+    public
+    Generator(long start, long end, long step, String namePattern, int type, int dclass, long ttl, String rdataPattern, Name origin) {
+        if (start < 0 || end < 0 || start > end || step <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid range specification");
+        }
+        if (!supportedType(type)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("unsupported type");
+        }
+        DnsClass.check(dclass);
+
+        this.start = start;
+        this.end = end;
+        this.step = step;
+        this.namePattern = namePattern;
+        this.type = type;
+        this.dclass = dclass;
+        this.ttl = ttl;
+        this.rdataPattern = rdataPattern;
+        this.origin = origin;
+        this.current = start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether generation is supported for this type.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidTypeException The type is out of range.
+     */
+    public static
+    boolean supportedType(int type) {
+        DnsRecordType.check(type);
+        return (type == DnsRecordType.PTR || type == DnsRecordType.CNAME || type == DnsRecordType.DNAME || type == DnsRecordType.A || type == DnsRecordType.AAAA || type == DnsRecordType.NS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs and returns the next record in the expansion.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException The name or rdata was invalid after substitutions were
+     *         performed.
+     */
+    public
+    DnsRecord nextRecord() throws IOException {
+        if (current > end) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String namestr = substitute(namePattern, current);
+        Name name = Name.Companion.fromString(namestr, origin);
+        String rdata = substitute(rdataPattern, current);
+        current += step;
+        return DnsRecord.fromString(name, type, dclass, ttl, rdata, origin);
+    }
+
+    private
+    String substitute(String spec, long n) throws IOException {
+        boolean escaped = false;
+        byte[] str = spec.getBytes();
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+            char c = (char) (str[i] & 0xFF);
+            if (escaped) {
+                sb.append(c);
+                escaped = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == '\\') {
+                if (i + 1 == str.length) {
+                    throw new TextParseException("invalid escape character");
+                }
+                escaped = true;
+            }
+            else if (c == '$') {
+                boolean negative = false;
+                long offset = 0;
+                long width = 0;
+                long base = 10;
+                boolean wantUpperCase = false;
+                if (i + 1 < str.length && str[i + 1] == '$') {
+                    // '$$' == literal '$' for backwards
+                    // compatibility with old versions of BIND.
+                    c = (char) (str[++i] & 0xFF);
+                    sb.append(c);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (i + 1 < str.length && str[i + 1] == '{') {
+                    // It's a substitution with modifiers.
+                    i++;
+                    if (i + 1 < str.length && str[i + 1] == '-') {
+                        negative = true;
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                    while (i + 1 < str.length) {
+                        c = (char) (str[++i] & 0xFF);
+                        if (c == ',' || c == '}') {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
+                            throw new TextParseException("invalid offset");
+                        }
+                        c -= '0';
+                        offset *= 10;
+                        offset += c;
+                    }
+                    if (negative) {
+                        offset = -offset;
+                    }
+
+                    if (c == ',') {
+                        while (i + 1 < str.length) {
+                            c = (char) (str[++i] & 0xFF);
+                            if (c == ',' || c == '}') {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
+                                throw new TextParseException("invalid width");
+                            }
+                            c -= '0';
+                            width *= 10;
+                            width += c;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (c == ',') {
+                        if (i + 1 == str.length) {
+                            throw new TextParseException("invalid base");
+                        }
+                        c = (char) (str[++i] & 0xFF);
+                        if (c == 'o') {
+                            base = 8;
+                        }
+                        else if (c == 'x') {
+                            base = 16;
+                        }
+                        else if (c == 'X') {
+                            base = 16;
+                            wantUpperCase = true;
+                        }
+                        else if (c != 'd') {
+                            throw new TextParseException("invalid base");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (i + 1 == str.length || str[i + 1] != '}') {
+                        throw new TextParseException("invalid modifiers");
+                    }
+                    i++;
+                }
+                long v = n + offset;
+                if (v < 0) {
+                    throw new TextParseException("invalid offset expansion");
+                }
+                String number;
+                if (base == 8) {
+                    number = Long.toOctalString(v);
+                }
+                else if (base == 16) {
+                    number = Long.toHexString(v);
+                }
+                else {
+                    number = Long.toString(v);
+                }
+                if (wantUpperCase) {
+                    number = number.toUpperCase();
+                }
+                if (width != 0 && width > number.length()) {
+                    int zeros = (int) width - number.length();
+                    while (zeros-- > 0) {
+                        sb.append('0');
+                    }
+                }
+                sb.append(number);
+            }
+            else {
+                sb.append(c);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs and returns all records in the expansion.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException The name or rdata of a record was invalid after
+     *         substitutions were performed.
+     */
+    public
+    DnsRecord[] expand() throws IOException {
+        List list = new ArrayList();
+        for (long i = start; i < end; i += step) {
+            String namestr = substitute(namePattern, current);
+            Name name = Name.Companion.fromString(namestr, origin);
+            String rdata = substitute(rdataPattern, current);
+            list.add(DnsRecord.fromString(name, type, dclass, ttl, rdata, origin));
+        }
+        return (DnsRecord[]) list.toArray(new DnsRecord[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the generate specification to a string containing the corresponding
+     * $GENERATE statement.
+     */
+    public
+    String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("$GENERATE ");
+        sb.append(start + "-" + end);
+        if (step > 1) {
+            sb.append("/" + step);
+        }
+        sb.append(" ");
+        sb.append(namePattern + " ");
+        sb.append(ttl + " ");
+        if (dclass != DnsClass.IN || !Options.check("noPrintIN")) {
+            sb.append(DnsClass.string(dclass) + " ");
+        }
+        sb.append(DnsRecordType.string(type) + " ");
+        sb.append(rdataPattern + " ");
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+}

src-wip/org/xbill/DNS2/clients/Lookup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Brian Wellington (bwelling@xbill.org)
+
+package org.xbill.DNS2.clients;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.Cache;
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.Credibility;
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.ExtendedResolver;
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.Resolver;
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.ResolverConfig;
+import org.xbill.DNS2.resolver.SetResponse;
+
+import dorkbox.network.dns.Mnemonic;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.Name;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.constants.DnsClass;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.constants.DnsRecordType;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.constants.DnsResponseCode;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.exceptions.NameTooLongException;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.exceptions.TextParseException;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.CNAMERecord;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.DNAMERecord;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.DnsMessage;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.DnsRecord;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.records.RRset;
+import dorkbox.network.dns.utils.Options;
+
+/**
+ * The Lookup object issues queries to caching DNS servers.  The input consists
+ * of a name, an optional type, and an optional class.  Caching is enabled
+ * by default and used when possible to reduce the number of DNS requests.
+ * A Resolver, which defaults to an ExtendedResolver initialized with the
+ * resolvers located by the ResolverConfig class, performs the queries.  A
+ * search path of domain suffixes is used to resolve relative names, and is
+ * also determined by the ResolverConfig class.
+ * <p>
+ * A Lookup object may be reused, but should not be used by multiple threads.
+ *
+ * @author Brian Wellington
+ * @see Cache
+ * @see Resolver
+ * @see ResolverConfig
+ */
+
+public final
+class Lookup {
+
+    private static Resolver defaultResolver;
+    private static Name[] defaultSearchPath;
+    private static Map defaultCaches;
+    private static int defaultNdots;
+
+    private Resolver resolver;
+    private Name[] searchPath;
+    private Cache cache;
+    private boolean temporary_cache;
+    private int credibility;
+    private Name name;
+    private int type;
+    private int dclass;
+    private boolean verbose;
+    private int iterations;
+    private boolean foundAlias;
+    private boolean done;
+    private boolean doneCurrent;
+    private List aliases;
+    private DnsRecord[] answers;
+    private int result;
+    private String error;
+    private boolean nxdomain;
+    private boolean badresponse;
+    private String badresponse_error;
+    private boolean networkerror;
+    private boolean timedout;
+    private boolean nametoolong;
+    private boolean referral;
+
+    private static final Name[] noAliases = new Name[0];
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup was successful.
+     */
+    public static final int SUCCESSFUL = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup failed due to a data or server error. Repeating the lookup
+     * would not be helpful.
+     */
+    public static final int UNRECOVERABLE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup failed due to a network error. Repeating the lookup may be
+     * helpful.
+     */
+    public static final int TRY_AGAIN = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * The host does not exist.
+     */
+    public static final int HOST_NOT_FOUND = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * The host exists, but has no records associated with the queried type.
+     */
+    public static final int TYPE_NOT_FOUND = 4;
+
+    public static synchronized
+    void refreshDefault() {
+
+        try {
+            defaultResolver = new ExtendedResolver();
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to initialize resolver");
+        }
+        defaultSearchPath = ResolverConfig.getCurrentConfig()
+                                          .searchPath();
+        defaultCaches = new HashMap();
+        defaultNdots = ResolverConfig.getCurrentConfig()
+                                     .ndots();
+    }
+
+    static {
+        refreshDefault();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Cache to be used as the default for the specified class by future
+     * Lookups.
+     *
+     * @param cache The default cache for the specified class.
+     * @param dclass The class whose cache is being set.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    void setDefaultCache(Cache cache, int dclass) {
+        DnsClass.check(dclass);
+        defaultCaches.put(Mnemonic.toInteger(dclass), cache);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the search path to be used as the default by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @param domains The default search path.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    void setDefaultSearchPath(Name[] domains) {
+        defaultSearchPath = domains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a custom logger that will be used to log the send and received packets.
+     *
+     * @param logger
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    void setPacketLogger(PacketLogger logger) {
+        Client.setPacketLogger(logger);
+    }
+
+    private
+    void reset() {
+        iterations = 0;
+        foundAlias = false;
+        done = false;
+        doneCurrent = false;
+        aliases = null;
+        answers = null;
+        result = -1;
+        error = null;
+        nxdomain = false;
+        badresponse = false;
+        badresponse_error = null;
+        networkerror = false;
+        timedout = false;
+        nametoolong = false;
+        referral = false;
+        if (temporary_cache) {
+            cache.clearCache();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of the given name and type
+     * in the IN class.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     * @param type The type of the desired records
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The type is a meta type other than ANY.
+     * @see #Lookup(Name, int, int)
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(Name name, int type) {
+        this(name, type, DnsClass.IN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of the given name, type,
+     * and class.  The lookup will use the default cache, resolver, and search
+     * path, and look for records that are reasonably credible.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     * @param type The type of the desired records
+     * @param dclass The class of the desired records
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The type is a meta type other than ANY.
+     * @see Cache
+     * @see Resolver
+     * @see Credibility
+     * @see Name
+     * @see DnsRecordType
+     * @see DnsClass
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(Name name, int type, int dclass) {
+        DnsRecordType.check(type);
+        DnsClass.check(dclass);
+        if (!DnsRecordType.isRR(type) && type != DnsRecordType.ANY) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot query for " + "meta-types other than ANY");
+        }
+        this.name = name;
+        this.type = type;
+        this.dclass = dclass;
+        synchronized (Lookup.class) {
+            this.resolver = getDefaultResolver();
+            this.searchPath = getDefaultSearchPath();
+            this.cache = getDefaultCache(dclass);
+        }
+        this.credibility = Credibility.NORMAL;
+        this.verbose = Options.check("verbose");
+        this.result = -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the Resolver that will be used as the default by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @return The default resolver.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    Resolver getDefaultResolver() {
+        return defaultResolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default Resolver to be used as the default by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @param resolver The default resolver.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    void setDefaultResolver(Resolver resolver) {
+        defaultResolver = resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the Cache that will be used as the default for the specified
+     * class by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @param dclass The class whose cache is being retrieved.
+     *
+     * @return The default cache for the specified class.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    Cache getDefaultCache(int dclass) {
+        DnsClass.check(dclass);
+        Cache c = (Cache) defaultCaches.get(Mnemonic.toInteger(dclass));
+        if (c == null) {
+            c = new Cache(dclass);
+            defaultCaches.put(Mnemonic.toInteger(dclass), c);
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the search path that will be used as the default by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @return The default search path.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    Name[] getDefaultSearchPath() {
+        return defaultSearchPath;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the search path that will be used as the default by future Lookups.
+     *
+     * @param domains The default search path.
+     *
+     * @throws TextParseException A name in the array is not a valid DNS name.
+     */
+    public static synchronized
+    void setDefaultSearchPath(String[] domains) throws TextParseException {
+        if (domains == null) {
+            defaultSearchPath = null;
+            return;
+        }
+        Name[] newdomains = new Name[domains.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < domains.length; i++) {
+            newdomains[i] = Name.Companion.fromString(domains[i], Name.root);
+        }
+        defaultSearchPath = newdomains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of type A at the given name
+     * in the IN class.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     *
+     * @see #Lookup(Name, int, int)
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(Name name) {
+        this(name, DnsRecordType.A, DnsClass.IN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of the given name, type,
+     * and class.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     * @param type The type of the desired records
+     * @param dclass The class of the desired records
+     *
+     * @throws TextParseException The name is not a valid DNS name
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The type is a meta type other than ANY.
+     * @see #Lookup(Name, int, int)
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(String name, int type, int dclass) throws TextParseException {
+        this(Name.Companion.fromString(name), type, dclass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of the given name and type
+     * in the IN class.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     * @param type The type of the desired records
+     *
+     * @throws TextParseException The name is not a valid DNS name
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The type is a meta type other than ANY.
+     * @see #Lookup(Name, int, int)
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(String name, int type) throws TextParseException {
+        this(Name.Companion.fromString(name), type, DnsClass.IN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Lookup object that will find records of type A at the given name
+     * in the IN class.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the desired records
+     *
+     * @throws TextParseException The name is not a valid DNS name
+     * @see #Lookup(Name, int, int)
+     */
+    public
+    Lookup(String name) throws TextParseException {
+        this(Name.Companion.fromString(name), DnsRecordType.A, DnsClass.IN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the resolver to use when performing this lookup.  This overrides the
+     * default value.
+     *
+     * @param resolver The resolver to use.
+     */
+    public
+    void setResolver(Resolver resolver) {
+        this.resolver = resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the search path to use when performing this lookup.  This overrides the
+     * default value.
+     *
+     * @param domains An array of names containing the search path.
+     */
+    public
+    void setSearchPath(Name[] domains) {
+        this.searchPath = domains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the search path to use when performing this lookup. This overrides the
+     * default value.
+     *
+     * @param domains An array of names containing the search path.
+     *
+     * @throws TextParseException A name in the array is not a valid DNS name.
+     */
+    public
+    void setSearchPath(String[] domains) throws TextParseException {
+        if (domains == null) {
+            this.searchPath = null;
+            return;
+        }
+        Name[] newdomains = new Name[domains.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < domains.length; i++) {
+            newdomains[i] = Name.Companion.fromString(domains[i], Name.root);
+        }
+        this.searchPath = newdomains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the cache to use when performing this lookup.  This overrides the
+     * default value.  If the results of this lookup should not be permanently
+     * cached, null can be provided here.
+     *
+     * @param cache The cache to use.
+     */
+    public
+    void setCache(Cache cache) {
+        if (cache == null) {
+            this.cache = new Cache(dclass);
+            this.temporary_cache = true;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.cache = cache;
+            this.temporary_cache = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets ndots to use when performing this lookup, overriding the default value.
+     * Specifically, this refers to the number of "dots" which, if present in a
+     * name, indicate that a lookup for the absolute name should be attempted
+     * before appending any search path elements.
+     *
+     * @param ndots The ndots value to use, which must be greater than or equal to
+     *         0.
+     */
+    public
+    void setNdots(int ndots) {
+        if (ndots < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal ndots value: " + ndots);
+        }
+        defaultNdots = ndots;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the minimum credibility level that will be accepted when performing
+     * the lookup.  This defaults to Credibility.NORMAL.
+     *
+     * @param credibility The minimum credibility level.
+     */
+    public
+    void setCredibility(int credibility) {
+        this.credibility = credibility;
+    }
+
+    private
+    void follow(Name name, Name oldname) {
+        foundAlias = true;
+        badresponse = false;
+        networkerror = false;
+        timedout = false;
+        nxdomain = false;
+        referral = false;
+        iterations++;
+        if (iterations >= 10 || name.equals(oldname)) {
+            result = UNRECOVERABLE;
+            error = "CNAME loop";
+            done = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (aliases == null) {
+            aliases = new ArrayList();
+        }
+        aliases.add(oldname);
+        lookup(name);
+    }
+
+    private
+    void processResponse(Name name, SetResponse response) {
+        if (response.isSuccessful()) {
+            RRset[] rrsets = response.answers();
+            List l = new ArrayList();
+            Iterator it;
+            int i;
+
+            for (i = 0; i < rrsets.length; i++) {
+                it = rrsets[i].rrs();
+                while (it.hasNext()) {
+                    l.add(it.next());
+                }
+            }
+
+            result = SUCCESSFUL;
+            answers = (DnsRecord[]) l.toArray(new DnsRecord[l.size()]);
+            done = true;
+        }
+        else if (response.isNXDOMAIN()) {
+            nxdomain = true;
+            doneCurrent = true;
+            if (iterations > 0) {
+                result = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
+                done = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (response.isNXRRSET()) {
+            result = TYPE_NOT_FOUND;
+            answers = null;
+            done = true;
+        }
+        else if (response.isCNAME()) {
+            CNAMERecord cname = response.getCNAME();
+            follow(cname.getTarget(), name);
+        }
+        else if (response.isDNAME()) {
+            DNAMERecord dname = response.getDNAME();
+            try {
+                follow(name.fromDNAME(dname), name);
+            } catch (NameTooLongException e) {
+                result = UNRECOVERABLE;
+                error = "Invalid DNAME target";
+                done = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (response.isDelegation()) {
+            // We shouldn't get a referral.  Ignore it.
+            referral = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private
+    void lookup(Name current) {
+        SetResponse sr = cache.lookupRecords(current, type, credibility);
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.err.println("lookup " + current + " " + DnsRecordType.string(type));
+            System.err.println(sr);
+        }
+        processResponse(current, sr);
+        if (done || doneCurrent) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        DnsRecord question = DnsRecord.newRecord(current, type, dclass);
+        DnsMessage query = DnsMessage.newQuery(question);
+        DnsMessage response = null;
+        try {
+            response = resolver.send(query);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // A network error occurred.  Press on.
+            if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
+                timedout = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                networkerror = true;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        int rcode = response.getHeader()
+                            .getRcode();
+        if (rcode != DnsResponseCode.NOERROR && rcode != DnsResponseCode.NXDOMAIN) {
+            // The server we contacted is broken or otherwise unhelpful.
+            // Press on.
+            badresponse = true;
+            badresponse_error = DnsResponseCode.string(rcode);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!query.getQuestion()
+                  .equals(response.getQuestion())) {
+            // The answer doesn't match the question.  That's not good.
+            badresponse = true;
+            badresponse_error = "response does not match query";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        sr = cache.addMessage(response);
+        if (sr == null) {
+            sr = cache.lookupRecords(current, type, credibility);
+        }
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.err.println("queried " + current + " " + DnsRecordType.string(type));
+            System.err.println(sr);
+        }
+        processResponse(current, sr);
+    }
+
+    private
+    void resolve(Name current, Name suffix) {
+        doneCurrent = false;
+        Name tname = null;
+        if (suffix == null) {
+            tname = current;
+        }
+        else {
+            try {
+                tname = Name.concatenate(current, suffix);
+            } catch (NameTooLongException e) {
+                nametoolong = true;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        lookup(tname);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs the lookup, using the specified Cache, Resolver, and search path.
+     *
+     * @return The answers, or null if none are found.
+     */
+    public
+    DnsRecord[] run() {
+        if (done) {
+            reset();
+        }
+        if (name.isAbsolute()) {
+            resolve(name, null);
+        }
+        else if (searchPath == null) {
+            resolve(name, Name.root);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (name.labels() > defaultNdots) {
+                resolve(name, Name.root);
+            }
+            if (done) {
+                return answers;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < searchPath.length; i++) {
+                resolve(name, searchPath[i]);
+                if (done) {
+                    return answers;
+                }
+                else if (foundAlias) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!done) {
+            if (badresponse) {
+                result = TRY_AGAIN;
+                error = badresponse_error;
+                done = true;
+            }
+            else if (timedout) {
+                result = TRY_AGAIN;
+                error = "timed out";
+                done = true;
+            }
+            else if (networkerror) {
+                result = TRY_AGAIN;
+                error = "network error";
+                done = true;
+            }
+            else if (nxdomain) {
+                result = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
+                done = true;
+            }
+            else if (referral) {
+                result = UNRECOVERABLE;
+                error = "referral";
+                done = true;
+            }
+            else if (nametoolong) {
+                result = UNRECOVERABLE;
+                error = "name too long";
+                done = true;
+            }
+        }
+        return answers;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the answers from the lookup.
+     *
+     * @return The answers, or null if none are found.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException The lookup has not completed.
+     */
+    public
+    DnsRecord[] getAnswers() {
+        checkDone();
+        return answers;
+    }
+
+    private
+    void checkDone() {
+        if (done && result != -1) {
+            return;
+        }
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Lookup of " + name + " ");
+
+        if (dclass != DnsClass.IN) {
+            sb.append(DnsClass.string(dclass))
+              .append(" ");
+        }
+
+        sb.append(DnsRecordType.string(type))
+          .append(" isn't done");
+        throw new IllegalStateException(sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all known aliases for this name.  Whenever a CNAME/DNAME is
+     * followed, an alias is added to this array.  The last element in this
+     * array will be the owner name for records in the answer, if there are any.
+     *
+     * @return The aliases.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException The lookup has not completed.
+     */
+    public
+    Name[] getAliases() {
+        checkDone();
+        if (aliases == null) {
+            return noAliases;
+        }
+        return (Name[]) aliases.toArray(new Name[aliases.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the result code of the lookup.
+     *
+     * @return The result code, which can be SUCCESSFUL, UNRECOVERABLE, TRY_AGAIN,
+     *         HOST_NOT_FOUND, or TYPE_NOT_FOUND.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException The lookup has not completed.
+     */
+    public
+    int getResult() {
+        checkDone();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an error string describing the result code of this lookup.
+     *
+     * @return A string, which may either directly correspond the result code
+     *         or be more specific.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException The lookup has not completed.
+     */
+    public
+    String getErrorString() {
+        checkDone();
+        if (error != null) {
+            return error;
+        }
+        switch (result) {
+            case SUCCESSFUL:
+                return "successful";
+            case UNRECOVERABLE:
+                return "unrecoverable error";
+            case TRY_AGAIN:
+                return "try again";
+            case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
+                return "host not found";
+            case TYPE_NOT_FOUND:
+                return "type not found";
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("unknown result");
+    }
+
+}